2016年宁夏回族自治区PM2.5浓度时空分布特征  

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5 Concentrations in Ningxia,2016

作　　者：孙荣国[1,2] 范丽[3] 冯新斌[2] 臧庆大 杨国蒙 陈卓[1] SUN Rongguo;FAN Li;FENG Xinbin;ZANG Qingda;YANG Guomeng;CHEN Zhuo(School of Chemistry and Material,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081;Guizhou Normal University Library,Guiyang 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学化学与材料科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [3]贵州师范大学图书馆,贵阳550025

出　　处：《地球与环境》2018年第4期348-354,共7页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21767007);贵州省科技厅社会发展攻关项目(黔科合SY字[2015]3014);中国博士后科学基金项目(2017M613005);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY[2016]135);贵州师范大学博士科研启动基金项目

摘　　要：对2016年宁夏回族自治区大气中PM2.5浓度的时空分布特征及其与其它空气质量指标和气象参数之间的相关性进行探讨。结果表明,宁夏回族自治区2016年PM2.5日平均浓度为2.0～217.5μg/m3;11月、12月、1月、2月PM2.5月浓度均值（45.97～87.22μg/m3）相对较高,6～9月的（19.01～38.03μg/m3）相对较低;春、夏、秋、冬PM2.5浓度分别为2.00～211.00μg/m3、6.67～106.67μg/m3、10.67～166.00μg/m3和10.50～217.50μg/m3;0：00～23：00,各城市PM2.5小时浓度基本上表现出先下降、后上升、再下降、再上升的变化规律,通常上午9：00～10：00浓度值较高,下午15：00～16：00浓度值较低。银川市、石嘴山市、吴忠市、中卫市和固原市2016年PM2.5日平均浓度≤75μg/m3的天数分别为304 d、307 d、313 d、323 d和340 d,年达标率分别为83%、84%、86%、88%和93%。宁夏北部的石嘴山市、银川市的PM2.5月浓度均值超过了南部的中卫市和固原市,表现出＂北高南低＂的趋势,其中固原市每月PM2.5浓度均值均低于其他城市,表现出显著差异。PM2.5浓度与CO、NO2、SO2、PM10浓度、风速、气压、日照和相对湿度均呈显著或极显著正相关关系,与地表温度、气温和降水量呈极显著或显著负相关关系。可见,宁夏回族自治区大气PM2.5浓度具有明显的时空变化特征,其浓度受气象因子的影响。The temporal and spatial distributions of PM2.5 in Ningxia were analyzed and relationships of PM2.5 with other indices of air quality and meteorological parameter were discussed. The results showed that the daily average concentration of PM2 5 in Ningxia ranged from 2.0 to 217.5 μg/m3 in year 2016. The monthly concentrations of PM2 5 in January, February, November, and December were in the range of 45.97-87.22 μg/m3 , higher than those in the period of June to September （ 19.01-38.03 μg/m3 ）. The concentrations of PM2.5 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 2.00-211.00 μg/m3 , 6.67-106.67 p,g/m3 , 10.67-166.00 p,g/m3 , and 10.50 -217.50 μg/m3, respectively. The hourly concentrations of PM25 fluctuated all day and all sites, usually peaked between 9：00 to 10：00, and dropped to nadir between 15：00 to 16：00. The accounted days of the daily PM2.5 concentration being less than 75 μg/m3 for Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Zhongwei, and Guyuan were 304, 307, 313, 323, and 340 d, respectively, in other words, their standard-meeting rates were 83%, 84%, 86%, 88%, and 93%, respectively. The monthly concentrations of PM2.5 in northern cities, like Yinchuan and Shizuishan, were higher than those in southern cities, such as Zhongwei and Guyuan, indicating that the de- creasing tend of from the south to the north, the concentrations of PM2.5 in Guyuan were generally lower than those in others. It was found that concentrations of PM2.5 showed significant positive correlations with concentrations of CO, NO2 , SO2 , and PM10 as well as with wind speed, atmospheric pressure, sunlight intensity, and relative humidity, and that showed negative correlations with surface temperature, air temperature, and amount of precipitation. In summary, the spatial-temporal distribution of PM2.5 concentrations in Ningxia was remarkable and was affected significantly by meteorological parameters.

关 键 词：宁夏 PM2.5 时间分布 空间分布 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]