电镀废水典型重金属对脱氢酶活性与微生物的影响  

Effect of Typical Heavy Metals on Dehydrogenase Activity and Microorganism in Electroplating Wastewater

作　　者：刘洪波[1] 宋筱 黄东伟 关永年 LIU Hong-bo;SONG Xiao;HUANG Dong-wei;GUAN Yong-nian(School of Environment and Architecture,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Suzhou Industrial Park Qingyuan Hong Kong ＆ China Water Co.Ltd.,Suzhou 215021,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学环境与建筑学院,上海200093 [2]苏州工业园区清源华衍水务有限公司,江苏苏州215021

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2018年第15期90-94,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21206092)

摘　　要：分析了电镀废水典型重金属(铜、铬、镍)浓度、形态、暴露时间对污泥脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,Cu^(2+)、Cr^(6+)、Cr^(3+)、Ni^(2+)对活性污泥的半致死浓度CE_(50)分别为0.58、1.41、8.53和6.67 mg/L。以污泥脱氢酶活性表征的重金属毒性由大到小依次为:Cu^(2+)>Cr^(6+)>Ni^(2+)>Cr^(3+)。当进水重金属浓度为50 mg/L时,其对脱氢酶活性的抑制率达到80%以上,且对脱氢酶活性的抑制率由大到小依次为:Cu^(2+)>Cr^(6+)>Cr^(3+)>Ni^(2+)。当p H值为8时,重金属对脱氢酶活性的抑制作用最弱,偏酸或偏碱条件下则对脱氢酶活性抑制作用较强。采用高通量测序法探究重金属对活性污泥微生物群落结构的影响发现,变形菌门、绿菌门、厚壁菌门是电镀废水活性污泥中的优势菌种,且Cu^(2+)有助于提高活性污泥中变形菌门和绿菌门的比例,Cr^(6+)有助于富集绿菌门和厚壁菌门,Ni^(2+)有助于富集变形菌门和厚壁菌门。The effects of concentration, species and exposure time of three typical heavy metals （ copper, chromium and nickel） in electroplating wastewater on dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge system were analyzed. It was found that half lethal concentration CE50 of Cu^2 ＋ , Cr^6＋,Cr^3＋and Ni^2＋ on activated sludge was 0.58 rag/L, 1.41 rag/L, 8.53 mg/L and 6.67 rag/L, respectively. Heavy metal toxicity characterized by sludge dehydrogenase activity was in the order of Cu^2＋ 〉 Cr^6＋〉 Ni^2＋〉 Cr^3＋ When the influent concentration of heavy metal was 50 rag/L, the inhibition rate of dehydrogenase activi- ty was more than 80%, and the inhibition rate of dehydrogenase activity was in the order of Cu^2＋ 〉 Cr^6＋〉 Cr^3＋〉 Ni^2＋.The inhibition of dehydrogenase activity was the weakest by heavy metals when the pH value was 8, and the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity was stronger under the condition of partial acid or alkali. The effects of heavy metals on microbial community structure of activated sludge were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that dominant bacteria in the activated sludge of electroplating wastewater were Proteobacteria, Chlorobi and Firmieutes. Cu^2＋ contributed to increase the proportion of Proteobacteria and Chlorobi in activated sludge. Cr^6＋ promoted the enrichment of Chlorobi and Firmicutes, and Proteobaeteria and Firmicutes were enriched by Ni^2＋.

关 键 词：电镀废水 重金属 活性污泥 脱氢酶活性 群落结构 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]