行为科学与公共政策:对政策有效性的追求  

Behavioral Science and Public Policy: Pursuit of Policy Effectiveness

作　　者：朱德米[1] 李兵华 Zhu Demi;Li Binghua

机构地区：[1]同济大学经济与管理学院公共管理系,教授博士生导师上海200092 [2]同济大学经济与管理学院,博士研究生上海200092

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2018年第8期59-64,共6页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"我国市级发展规划编制中的公众参与机制研究"(编号:13&ZD176)

摘　　要：近年来发达国家公共部门兴起了一场声势浩大的公共政策变革。美国、英国、澳大利亚、欧盟、经济与合作组织等在公共政策制定过程中引入了行为科学知识,大力提升政策的效果及其有效性。行为科学基于现实的具体的人为出发点,对政策科学奠定在理性经济人假设基础上的政策过程构成了实质性的挑战。行为经济学、心理学、社会学等知识的引入使政策与具体情景之间相互适应性在提升。行为科学提升政策有效性的路径有运用助推原理和注重政策沟通、宣传和说服两条路径。行为科学给政策科学带来的变化可能是一场革命性的知识重构。这些为我国政策科学学科建设和提升政策有效性提供了良好的机遇。In recent years the public sectors in developed countries have launched a Many countries and organizations, such as the United States, the United momentous reform of public policy. Kingdom, Australia, the European Union and the OECD, have introduced behavioral science to the process of public policy making in order to improve the effectiveness and validity of the public policy. Behavioral science is based on the behavior of specific individuals in the real world, which has posed a substantive challenge to the Hypothesis of Economic Man, the foundation of the policy process of policy science. The introduction of the knowledge of behavioral economics, psychology and sociology has enhanced the inter-adaptability between policy and specific scenarios. There are two paths where behavioral science can improve policy effectiveness. One is to utilize the nudge theory and the other is to emphasize the communication, publicity and persuasion of public policy. Behavioral science might bring about a revolutionary restructure of knowledge to policy science. These changes have provided favorable opportunities for the construction of policy science and the improvement of policy effectiveness in China. However, more efforts are needed to promote the application of behavioral science in specific policy areas.

关 键 词：行为科学 行为经济学 助推 公共政策 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]