西安市2010-2015年0-5岁儿童HBV感染状况的流行病学研究  

An Epidemiological Study on HBV Infection Status of Children Aged 0-5 in Xi'an Area from 2010 to 2015

作　　者：胡妮 张磊[1] 王海荣[1] 高洁 李恒新[2] 侯铁军[2] 聂郁瑾[2] HU Ni;ZHANG Lei;WANG Hai-rong;GAO Jie;LI Heng-xin;HOU Tie-jun;NIE Yu-jin(The Fourth Military Medical University,Xi＇an,Shaanxi,710032,China;Xi＇an Center for Diseases Control and Prevention,Xi＇an,Shaanxi,710054,China)

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学军事预防医学院流行病学教研室,陕西西安710032 [2]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2018年第11期2103-2108,2102,共7页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81472988);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81102140;81302474)

摘　　要：目的:总结西安市2010-2015年0-5岁儿童乙肝病毒感染的发病趋势和流行病学特征,寻找高危人群。通过随访研究获取HBV感染儿童疾病转归及乙肝监测系统存在的问题,为乙肝监测系统完善及制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对西安市2010-2015年的0-5岁儿童乙肝患者进行三间分布描述分析;采用前瞻性队列研究方法,检测母亲及儿童的外周血HBV病毒学情况,获得母亲感染状况和患儿转归。结果:6年间,西安市0-5岁儿童共上报乙肝病例175例,年均HBV感染率为6.05/10万,2013年最高,为9.73/10万,以散发为主;0-1岁为高发年龄段,男童发病多于女童;未央区、雁塔区为高发地区。截止2016年8月,随访HBV感染学龄前儿童139例,仅17例完成流行病学调查和体检检测,失访率高达87.7%,17例HBV感染儿童中HBs Ag慢性化高达88.2%,其中14例(82.3%)母亲为HBs Ag阳性者。结论:西安市0-5岁儿童HBV感染的高危人群为HBs Ag阳性母亲的儿童,与宫内感染/母婴传播有关。0-5岁HBV感染儿童转归结局不良,建议加强HBV宫内阻断,并对高危新生儿进行乙肝抗体监测。Objective： To master the trend and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B infection in children aged 0-5 years2010-2015 years in Xi＇an and find the high risk population of hepatitis B infection in children. To analyze the disease prognosis and the problem of hepatitis B monitoring system through follow-up and provide a scientific basis for the improvement of hepatitis B monitoring system and the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods： Descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the distribution of hepatitis B patients with hepatitis B among children aged 0-5 years in Xi＇an area during the period of 2010-2015. By using the method of cohort study and detection the HBV virus in peripheral blood of mothers and children, then the prognosis of children with hepatitis B was obtained. Results： A total of 175 cases of hepatitis B were reported in children aged 0-5 years in Xi＇an during the period of 2010-2015, with an average annual HBV infection rate of 6.05/10 million, which was highest in 2013, for 9.73/10 million, mainly distributed. Boys were more than girls. 0-1 years old was the high incidence of age. Yanta District and Weiyang District were the highest incidence area. By the end of August 2016, 139 preschool children were followed up for HBV infection. Only 17 patients completed the epidemiological investigation and physical examination, the dropout rate was as high as 87.7%, Up to 88.2%. 17 cases of children were chronic HBV infection, including 14 cases（82.3%） were HBs Ag positive mothers. Conclusion： The high risk population of HBV infection among children aged 0-5 in Xi＇an area were children whose mothers were HBs Ag positive, which may be related to the vertical and Horizontal transmission of HBV of mother and child. 0-5 years old HBV-infected children had poor outcome. To strengthen the work of HBV intrauterine blocking and monitor the hepatitis B antibody in high-risk neonates was recommended.

关 键 词：HBV 西安 0-5岁 流行病学 

分 类 号：R512.62[医药卫生—内科学]