红壤退化与修复长期研究促进东南丘陵区生态循环农业发展  

Long-term Research on Red Soil Degradation and Remediation Promotes Development of Ecological Recycling Agriculture in Hilly Region of Southeast China

作　　者：孙波[1] 梁音[1] 徐仁扣[1] 彭新华[1] 王兴祥[1] 周静[1] 李忠佩[1] 赵学强[1] SUN Bo;LIANG Yin;XU Renkou;PENG Xinhua;WANG Xingxiang;ZHOU Jing;LI Zhongpei;ZHAO Xueqiang(Yingtan Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,鹰潭红壤生态实验站,南京210008

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2018年第7期746-757,共12页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200300); 中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-112)

摘　　要：我国东南红壤丘陵区面临侵蚀、酸化、肥力衰减、重金属污染、季节性干旱等退化问题,造成红壤生态系统退化和土地生产力下降,制约了区域农业的可持续发展。1985年鹰潭红壤生态实验站建站以来,系统开展了红壤生态系统的长期观测和生态学基础研究,以及红壤退化与修复、耕地地力演变与提升、红壤养分循环与高效利用、红壤污染与治理、红壤生态农业模式与区域发展战略等方面的应用研究和示范推广。在红壤发生方面,发现现代脱硅富铝化过程仍在继续,小流域土壤自然酸化速率较低;针对红壤农业利用中的加速酸化,研发了抑制质子产生和提升土壤抗酸化能力的新方法,挖掘了红壤区新的耐铝植物资源,揭示了植物耐铝的分子生物学机制;建立了红壤区土壤侵蚀多尺度监测方法,编制了土壤可蚀性因子分布图,查明了红壤侵蚀演变和崩岗发育机制,建立了侵蚀红壤的开发性治理模式;探明了红壤区季节性干旱发生规律,揭示了红壤孔隙形成机制以及不同尺度的水文通量,研发了农田水分高精度远程数据采集系统,建立了低丘红壤区高效节水农业模式;建立了土壤-农作物系统重金属和稀土元素迁移预测模型,提出了红壤和水稻土安全阈值,集成了红壤重金属污染治理技术模式;查明了南方红壤地力和养分平衡的演变状况,揭示了红壤碳氮转化生物网络的驱动机制,提出红壤大团聚体生物培肥技术;创建了江西省耕地保育与持续高效的现代农业技术体系,发展了红壤小流域"山水林田湖草"生态循环农业模式,为红壤区耕地质量建设、生态环境保护和新一代生态循环农业的发展作出了重要贡献。The degradation problems of soil erosion, soil acidification, soil fertility attenuation, soil heavy metal pollution, and seasonal drought in the red soil hilly region of Southeast China have resulted in the degradation of the red soil ecosystem and the decline of the land productivity, which restricts the sustainable development of regional agriculture. Since the establishment of Yingtan Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station in 1985, the long-term observation and ecological basic research of red soil ecosystems have been carried out, the application research and demonstration have been implemented on soil degradation and restoration, soil quality evolution and improvement, nutrient cycling and efficient utilization, soil pollution and remediation, and ecological agriculture model and regional development strategy in red soil hilly region. For the red soil development, it was found that the process of modern desilication and realuminizing was continuing, and the natural soil acidification rate in the small watershed was low. For the accelerated acidification of red soil under agricultural utilization, the new methods of inhibiting proton production and improving acid resistance capacity were developed, the new aluminum-tolerant plant resources are excavated, and the molecular biology mechanisms for plant aluminum-resistance was revealed. The multi-scale methods for soil erosion monitoring were established, the spatial distribution of soil erodibility factor was mapped, the development mechanisms of soil erosion and slope collapse in the red soil region were identified, and the development-management model for red soil erosion control was established. The occurrence regularity of seasonal drought in red soil region was found out, the mechanism of pore formation and the hydrologic flux at different scales were revealed, a high precision remote data collection system for soil moisture status was developed, and a high efficient and water-saving agricultural model in the low-hilly red soil region was established. For

关 键 词：红壤丘陵区 耕地退化 大团聚体培肥 生态修复 土壤污染治理 生态循环农业模式 

分 类 号：S158.1[农业科学—土壤学]