大亚湾海域水体和沉积物中石油类含量与分布特征  

Content and distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons in Daya Bay waters and sediments

作　　者：孙涛 肖雅元[1] 王腾[1] 刘永 付亚男[1] 李纯厚 SUN Tao;XIAO Yayuan;WANG Teng;LIU Yong;FU Yanan;LI Chunhou(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation ＆ Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2018年第4期1-9,共9页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201403008);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452904);国家自然科学基金NSFC-广东联合基金重点项目(U1301235);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2016TS35)

摘　　要：为探讨大亚湾海域水体和沉积物中石油烃的含量及其分布特征,2015年4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和12月(冬季)对大亚湾海域的石油烃进行了4个季度调查。结果显示,大亚湾表层水体石油烃质量浓度为0.005~0.268 mg·L^(–1),均值为0.067 mg·L^(–1),水质为国家三类海水,平均污染指数(Pi)为1.34,水体已经受到石油烃的污染。水体中石油烃的分布主要受湾内顺时针方向水平环流的影响,春季石油烃的高值区位于湾内东部海域,夏季位于湾内南部海域,秋季位于湾内西南部海域,冬季则位于湾内北部海域。表层沉积物中石油烃质量分数为7~559 mg·kg^(–1),均值为183.4 mg·kg^(–1),平均Pi为0.367,表明大亚湾表层沉积物除了A9站位受污染之外,整体未受石油烃污染。表层沉积物中石油烃呈点源分布,高值区位于中央列岛区、南澳镇东北海域以及大辣甲东面海域,主要分布于石化排污区、进港航道和油码头附近。We investigated the content and distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon in Daya Bay waters and sediments in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 2015. The mass concentrations of petroleum in surface waters ranged from 0.005 mg·L^–1 to 0.268 mg·L ＊1 （average： 0.067 mg·L^–1）. According to the National Seawater Standard, the water quality was at Grade Ⅲ. The average pollution index （Pi） was 1.34, indicating that the seawater had been polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons. The distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in surface waters was mainly affected by the horizontal clockwise circulation. The petroleum hydrocarbons high value area was located in the eastern part in spring, southern part in summer, southwest in autumn and northern part in winter. The range of petroleum hydrocarbons mass fraction in surface sediments was 7-559 mg·kg^-1 （average： 183.4 mg·kg^-1）. The average Pi was 0.367, indicating that the surface sediments in Daya Bay were not polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon, except Station A9. Petroleum hydrocarbon was a point source in surface sediments, and the high value area was located in the central archipelagic region, northeastern Nan＇ao Town and eastern Dalajia Island, and all of those areas were distributed in the petrochemical sewage area, near the channel and the petroleum terminal.

关 键 词：大亚湾 沉积物 石油烃 油污染指数 

分 类 号：X834[环境科学与工程—环境工程]