中国著作权立法中的制度创新  

Institutional Innovation in China's Copyright Legislation

作　　者：熊琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院,教授武汉430074

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2018年第7期118-138,共21页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：中国著作权立法从经验借鉴转向主动调整,制度安排应以回应中国问题为目标。然而如何从著作权理论和实践中准确提炼中国本土问题,却因比较法和本土法的价值设定差异而存在分歧。我国现今更多采取的著作权立法取向,是直接以法定化的权利分配来取代需要经历市场博弈达致的意定安排,而权利人和使用者又从各自立场出发,期待法律赋予符合自身利益的自治空间,最终导致在立法选择和司法审判上缺乏基本共识而陷入困境。通过梳理本土制度变革历史可以发现,实现中国著作权法制度创新的关键,是管制规则和自治规则如何在价值定位上协调和互补,以及如何解决继受规则的制度理念与本土规则的运作传统的协同配合。解决该问题的方法,是在中国社会、产业与文化背景下划定著作权领域私人自治与政府管制的边界,一方面允许本土版权产业主体根据自身的市场和社会环境创制著作权市场交易规则,另一方面在存在市场失灵之处优化政府干预。As China's copyright legislation shifts from learning from foreign experience to active restructuring,the associated institutional arrangements should aim to respond to China's problems.However,the different value settings of comparative and indigenous law have led to divergences over how best to frame indigenous issues accurately in copyright theory and practice.Present day copyright legislation in China tends to be oriented toward directly replacing arbitral arrangements that proceed through market games with the distribution of statutory rights,in which rights holders and users start from their respective positions and expect the law to bestow on them an autonomous space that accords with their own interests.This eventually leads to a dilemma due to the absence of a basic consensus on legislative and judicial options.An appraisal of the history of indigenous institutional change shows that the key to achieving institutional innovation in China's copyright law lies in the coordination and complementarity of regulatory and autonomous rules in terms of value positioning and the coordination of the institutional concepts of inherited rulesand the operational tradition of indigenous rules.The solution to this problem is to define the boundaries of private autonomy and government regulation in the copyright field in the context of Chinese society,industry and culture.On the one hand,we should allow the indigenous copyright industry agency to establish rules for copyright market transaction in accordance with its own market and social environment,while on the other hand,we should optimize government intervention in cases of market failure.

关 键 词：著作权法修改 中国问题 法律继受 立法价值 私人自治 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]