乡村旅游地发展过程中“公地悲剧”的演化与治理  

Revolution and Governance of“Tragedy of the Commons”in the Developing Process of Rural Tourism Destination

作　　者：孟凯 李佳宾[2] 陈险峰 范士陈[1] 娄晨曦 MENG Kai;LI Jiabin;CHEN Xianfeng;FAN Shichen;LOU Chenxi(School of Tourism,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;School of Economy and Management,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Headmaster＇ s Office,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;School of lnternational Tourism,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学旅游学院,海南海口570228 [2]海南大学经济与管理学院,海南海口570228 [3]海南大学校长办公室,海南海口570228 [4]海南大学国际旅游学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2018年第8期19-28,共10页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"海南乡村休闲旅游开发的农民长期收益分享机制研究"(15BJY131);海南省社会科学基金项目"海南全域旅游发展的驱动机制和支持政策研究"(HNSK(JD)17-08)和"新海上丝绸之路视阈下南海旅游开发的推进模式研究"(HNSK(YB)15-45);海南大学科研启动基金"旅游发展对海南黎族乡村生产方式的影响研究"(kyqd1704)共同资助~~

摘　　要：在乡村旅游地的发展过程中,乡村旅游资源的产权属性决定了"公地悲剧"产生的必然性,然而在旅游地生命周期规律的作用下",公地悲剧"的演化特征和对其在不同演化阶段治理的有效性并未深入探讨。文章以河南省岸上村为例,通过观察、访谈等定性研究方法,认为"公地悲剧"的表现并非一成不变,而是随着乡村旅游地的发展演化呈现出周期性的变化特征,其在不同阶段的产生原因和具体表现都有所差异,这是在旅游地生命周期规律的作用下而呈现出的演化特征。文章还同时指出,在乡村旅游地的发展过程中,一种固定的治理模式和制度安排是难以持续有效的,应该认识到旅游地生命周期作用下"公地悲剧"的演化规律,并针对不同演化阶段的"公地悲剧"现象采取不同的治理模式,其中,包括主导力量的转换、制度安排的改变等等,从而保证治理的持续有效性。In the developing process of rural tourism destination＂,tragedy of the commons＂is inevitable because of the property attribute of rural tourism resource. However, under the effect of tourism area life cycle law, the revolution features of＂tragedy of the commons＂and the effectiveness of governance in different stages are not discussed deeply. This paper takes Anshang village in Henan Province as case place, uses qualitative methods including observation and interview, proves that ＂tragedy of the commons＂is variable, whose causes and performances in different stages are different, which is the revolution feature under the effect of tourism area life cycle law. In the early period of rural tourism development, villagers tend to increase supply of products as response to the fast growth of tourist quantity but seldom consider public goods such as destruction of public environment, abuse of public space and so on. So the＂tragedy of the commons＂is mainly manifested in the lack of public facilities.In the late stage, villagers tend to be in vicious competition response to stagnation or decline of tourists and oversupply of products, the response is based on the right of villagers to dispose their personal goods by themselves. So the＂tragedy of the commons＂is mainly manifested in the destruction of public order and public image. This paper also indicates that during the developing process of rural tourism destination, one constant governance pattern and institution arrangement cannot be lastingly effective. Scholars generally believe that governance models with different dominant power are applicable to different rural destinations. However, we should realize the revolution rules of＂tragedy of the commons＂under the effect of tourism area life cycle law and choose different governance patterns according to different＂tragedy of the commons＂in different revolution stages, including the transfer of leading force and adjustment of institution arrangement, in order to ensure the lasting efficiency o

关 键 词：乡村旅游地 公地悲剧 演化 治理 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]