矢量传声器线阵指向特性研究  

Research on Directivity Characteristics of Vector Microphone Linear Array

作　　者：李光[1] 刘云飞[1] 涂其捷 李晓光[1] 谢奕 LI Guang;LIU Yunfei;TU Qijie;LI Xiaoguang;XEE Yi(The Third Research Institute of China Electronic Technology Croup Corporation,Beijing 100015,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电子科技集团公司第三研究所,北京100015

出　　处：《电声技术》2018年第5期3-7,共5页Audio Engineering

摘　　要：麦克风阵列技术由于增加了空域处理,相较于单麦克风具有很多优势,目前已成为语音增强及语音信号处理的重要部分。为提升麦克风阵列在复杂背景环境下远场语音拾取性能,与采用传统声压传感器不同,本文拟采用矢量传声器作为麦克风阵列的基本阵元。矢量传声器能够直接测量声场的质点振速参量,并且具有与频率无关的偶极子指向性,在噪声振动测量、材料特性分析以及声学测量领域有着广泛的应用。本文首先介绍了单矢量传声器的偶极子指向性,基于此进一步研究了矢量传声器线阵的指向性理论,相较于声压传感器线阵,矢量传声器线阵可以有效改善波束指向性、降低波束旁瓣级。此外,在半消声室测试环境下,分别设计搭建了3.5 cm等间距四元电容式麦克风线阵和四元矢量传声器线阵,并对两种线阵波束指向性的实测波束图与理论波束图进行了对比分析,验证了矢量传声器线阵的波束指向特性,为进一步实现噪声抑制、混响消除等功能,提高语音信号处理质量,解决远距离拾音痛点提供了新的思路。The microphone array technology has become an important part of speech enhancement and speech signal process-ing since it has added airspace processing and has many advantages over a single microphone. In order to improve the far - field speech pick - up performance of the microphone array in a complex background environment, different from the tradi-tional sound pressure sensor, this paper proposes to use a vector microphone as the basic array element of the microphone ar-ray. The vector microphone can directly measure the particle velocity parameter of the sound field and has a dipole direc- tionality independent of the frequency, and has a wide range of applications in the fields of noise and vibration measure-ment, material property analysis, and acoustic measurement. In this paper, the dipole directivity of a single - vector micro-phone is firstly introduced. Based on this, the directivity theory of the vector microphone array is further studied. Compared with the acoustic pressure sensor array, the vector microphone array can improve the beam directivity and reduce the side - lobe level effectively. In addition, in the semi - anechoic chamber test environment, a 3. 5 cm equal - spaced quadruple condenser microphone linear array and a 3 .5 cm equal - spaced quadruple vector microphone linear array axe designed and constructed. The contrast between the measured beam pattern and the theoretical beam pattern of the two linear arrays is verified, validating the beam directional characteristics of the vector microphone array. This research provides a new idea for further noise suppression, reverberation cancellation, improving the quality of speech signal processing, and solving long - distance pick - up pain points.

关 键 词：麦克风阵列 声压传感器 矢量传声器 偶极子指向性 远距离拾音 

分 类 号：TB525[理学—物理]