山东夏季强降水的影响系统和物理量特征  

Synoptic system and physical quantity characteristics of heavy rainfall in summer in Shandong

作　　者：杨晓霞[1] 高留喜[1] 宋佳嘉 张磊[1] 邢如峰 田雪珊 李恬 YANG Xiaoxia;GAO Liuxi;SONG Jiajia;ZHANG Lei;XING Rufeng;TIAN Xueshan;LI Tian(Shandong Meteorological Observatory,Jinan 250031,China;Jinan Meteorological Bureau,Jinan 250102,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象台,山东济南250031 [2]济南市气象局,山东济南250102

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2018年第3期57-66,共10页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：山东省气象局科研项目(2013sdxq01;2014sdqxm20);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2013-040);中国气象局预报预测核心业务发展专项(CMAHX20160208);山东省气象科学研究所数值天气预报应用技术开放研究基金项目(SDQXKF2014Z05)

摘　　要：应用2009—2013年6—9月山东全省加密自动站资料、地面和探空观测资料,选出了98次区域性强降水过程。统计分析了产生强降水的天气系统特征,把500 hPa天气系统分为6种类型,850~700 hPa天气系统分为5种类型,地面影响系统分为7种类型。统计分析了强降水过程中及前期24个代表大气热力、水汽和动力特征的物理量,给出了最小值、最大值、平均值和各阈值所占百分率。850 hPa和700 hPa偏南风达到急流(≥12 m·s^(-1))强度的分别占56.1%和62.2%。对流有效位能(CAPE)≥300 J·kg^(-1)占72.6%。K指数≥30℃占86.7%。沙氏指数SI≤0占75.5%。925 hPaθse≥68℃占82.2%,850 hPaθ_(se)≥66℃占74.8%。GPS/MET水汽监测大气可降水量≥55mm占81.8%。850 hPa和700 hPa的水汽通量平均值分别为8.0和5.9 g·(cm·hPa·s)-1,水汽通量散度平均值分别为-4.6×10^(-9)和-2.7×10^(-9)g·(hPa·cm^2·s)^(-1)。925 hPa、850 hPa和700 hPa的涡度平均值分别为12.6×10^(-6)、12.3×10^(-6)和9×10^(-6)s^(-1),散度平均值分别为-5.5×10^(-6)、-3.1×10^(-6)、-3.4×10^(-6)s^(-1)。850 hPa、700 hPa和500 hPa的垂直速度平均值分别为-4.5×10^(-4)、-7.4×10^(-4)和-11.1×10^(-4)hPa·s^(-1)。Based on the data of Intensified Automatic surface Weather observation System（ IAWS）,ground observation data and sounding data of Shandong Province from June to September from 2009 to2013,98 regional heavy rainfall cases are selected,and the synoptic system characteristics of heavy rainfall are statistically analyzed. The synoptic systems at 500 hPa are divided into 6 types,the synoptic systems from 850 hPa to 700 hPa are divided into 5 types,and the surface mesoscale systems are divided into 7 types. The 24 physical quantities representing atmospheric thermal,water vapor and dynamic characteristics during the heavy rainfall and the earlier period are statistically analyzed,and the minimum values,maximum values, mean values, and percentages of threshold values are calculated. Thepercentages of southerly wind at 850 hPa and 700 hPa that reached jet stream（ ≥ 12 m · s^-1） are respectively 56. 1% and 62. 2%. CAPE（ Convective Available Potential Energy） equal to or higher than300 J·kg-1 takes up 72. 6%,K index equal to or higher than 30 ℃ takes up 86. 7 %,SI（ Showalter Index） equal to or lower than 0 takes up 75. 5%,θseequal to or higher than 68 ℃ at 925 hPa takes up82. 2%,and θseequal to or higher than 66 ℃ at 850 hPa takes up 74. 8%. The precipitable water equal to or more than 55 mm from GPS/MET water vapour monitoring system takes up 81. 8%. At 850 hPa and 700 hPa,the mean values of water vapour flux are respectively 8. 0 g·（ cm·hPa·s）^-1 and 5. 9 g·（ cm·hPa·s）^-1,and the mean values of water vapour flux divergence are respectively～（-4）. 6×10^-9 g·（ hPa·cm^2·s）^-1 and-2. 7×10^-9 g·（ hPa·cm^2·s）^-1. At 925 hPa,850 hPa and 700 hPa,the mean values of vorticity are respectively 12. 6×10^-6 s^-1,12. 3×10^-6 s^-1 and 9×10^-6 s^-1,and the mean values of divergence are respectively-5. 5×10^-6 s^-1,-3. 1×10^-6 s^-1 and-3. 4×10^-6 s^-1. At 850 hPa,700 hPa and 500 hPa,the mean vertical velocities are respectively -4. 5 × 10^-4 hPa · s^-1,-7. 4×10^-4 hP

关 键 词：夏季强降水 影响系统 物理量参数 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]