冬季低温对梨树花芽冻害的影响  

Effect of Low Temperature in Winter on Flower Bud Freezing Injury of Pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)

作　　者：李含芬[1] 郭永丽 马春晖[2] LI Hanfen;GUO Yongli;MA Chunhui(Library,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109;College of Horticulture,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学图书馆,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学园艺学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《北方园艺》2018年第15期32-37,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2017CXGC0209);国家现代农业(梨)产业技术体系建设资助项目(Nycytx-29-06)

摘　　要：为探索低温天气对梨树花芽冻害的影响,以目前生产上主栽梨品种‘丰水’‘新梨7号’‘黄金’‘翠冠’为试材,对遭受冻害的花芽进行了形态调查,并对不同品种枝条木质部汁液山梨醇含量进行了测定,以期为梨树生产提供参考依据。结果表明:在-15℃左右的低温条件下,不同梨品种的花芽冻害程度存在明显差异,4个梨品种中花芽冻害最轻的为‘黄金’,花芽冻害率在10%左右,‘丰水’花芽受冻最为严重,其冻害率为75%左右,腋花芽受冻率高于短果枝花芽;4个梨品种枝条山梨醇含量测定结果表明,随着休眠的推移,山梨醇含量逐渐增高,不同品种含量从高到低顺序为‘黄金’>‘翠冠’>‘新梨7号’>‘丰水’,以上结果表明,梨树枝条木质部汁液山梨醇代谢与品种花芽冻害存在一定的相关性,枝条山梨醇的积累有利于梨树花芽抗寒性提高。In order to explore the effects of low temperature on the flower bud freezing injury of pear（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）,mainly cultivated pear cultivar ‘Hosui＇‘Xinli No.7＇‘Whangkeumbae＇‘Cuiguan＇were used as test materials.Morphological investigation of the flower bud which suffered freezing injury were carried out and the sorbitol content in the branch xylem sap of different pear cultivars were determined,in order to provide a reference for pear production.The results showed that there were significant differences in the degree of flower bud freezing injury among different pear cultivars under-15 ℃ low temperature conditions,flower bud freezing injury was the lightest for‘Whangkeumbae＇,flower bud freezing injury rate was 10%;flower bud freezing injury was the heaviest for‘Hosui＇,flower bud freezing injury rate was about 75%.Axillary flower bud freezing injury rate was higher than spur flower bud.In addition,the results showed that sorbitol content had increased gradually with the passage of dormancy in branches xylem sap of different pear cultivars,from high to low order for ‘Whangkeumbae＇ ‘Cuiguan＇ ‘Xinli No.7＇ ‘Hosui＇.The above results indicated that there was a correlation between sorbitol metabolism and the flower bud freezing injury.The sorbitol accumulation in branches xylem sap might be conducive to improving the cold resistance of flower buds of pear.

关 键 词：梨 花芽 低温冻害 山梨醇 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]