吉林市中小学校课桌椅卫生现状调查  

Investigation on hygiene status of desks and chairs in primary and middle schools,Jilin

作　　者：周歌 刘红箭[1] 吴方园[1] 李眩眩 刘美田 马娟 李若琳 钱晓波 张秀敏[1] ZHOU Ge;LIU Hong - jian;WU Fang - yuan;LI Xuan - xuan;LIU Mei - tian;MA Juan;LI Ruo - lin;QIAN Xiao - bo;ZHANG Xiu - min(School of Public Health,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin 130021,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学公共卫生学院,吉林长春130021 [2]吉林省健康教育中心,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第15期2719-2722,2728,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：吉林省卫生计生软科学课题项目"吉林省城乡中小学校影响学生视力的教室环境因素的研究"(2015R022)

摘　　要：目的了解吉林市中小学校课桌椅卫生现状,为科学配置及合理布置课桌椅提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取吉林市4个区/县内221间教室和9 676名学生,对其身高及其使用的课桌椅卫生指标进行测定,并根据国家卫生标准进行评价。结果吉林市中小学校桌椅配套基本符合率为11.2%,课桌分配基本符合率为14.1%,课椅分配基本符合率为36.5%;学生身高越高,对应的桌椅配套基本符合率相对越高(χ2trend=1 596.519,P<0.001);初中和高中教室课桌、课椅分配符合情况好于小学(P<0.001)。最前排课桌与黑板距离合格率为48.9%;最后排课桌与黑板距离合格率为83.3%;排距合格率为1.8%;人均面积合格率为38.5%。结论吉林市中小学校教室存在课桌椅高度与学生身高不符及课桌椅空间布置不合理问题,相关部门应加强监督并进行整改。Objective To understand hygiene status of desks and chairs in primary and middle schools in Jilin, and to provide basis for scientific allocation and reasonable layout of desks and chairs. Methods 221 classrooms and 9 676 students in 4 districts / counties of Jilin were randomly selected by stratified multi - stage cluster sampling method. The heights of students and health indicators of their desks and chairs were measured for hygienic evaluation according to national health standards. Results The basic consistent rate of desk - chair setting was 11.2% ;the basic consistent rate of desks setting was 14. 1% ;the basic consistent rate of chairs setting was 36. 5% ;the basic consistent rate of desk - chair setting was increased accordingly with the height of the students （x2trend = 1 596. 519, P 〈 0.001 ） ;the distribution status of desks and chairs in junior or high middle schools was better than that in primary schools （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. The qualified rate of distance between the front row of desks and blackboard was 48. 9% ; the qualified rate of distance between the last row of desks and the blackboard was 83.3% ;the qualified rate of row distance was only 1.8%;the qualified rate of classroom per capita area was 38. 5% . Conclusion The problems that most of the desk - chair setting cannot match the height of students and the layout of desks and chairs is unreasonable exist in primary and middle schools in Jilin. The relevant departments should strengthen supervision and carry out rectification of desks and chairs.

关 键 词：吉林市 中小学校 课桌椅卫生 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]