不同农作措施对黄绵土坡耕地玉米产量及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Different Farming Practices on Maize Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Sloping Fields of Loessal Soil

作　　者：罗照霞 雷建明 马忠明[2] 杨虎德[3] 杨志奇 LUO Zhaoxia;LEI Jianming;MA Zhongming;YANG Hude;YANG Zhiqi(Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Tianshui Gansu 741000,Chinas2.Gansu Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Chinas3.Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water-saving,Gansu Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]天水农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741000 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第6期796-801,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014)~~

摘　　要：在典型的黄土高原黄绵土坡耕地上进行田间小区试验,观测和分析不同种植模式及施肥量对玉米产量、养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响,以筛选出适合本区域的最佳种植模式及施肥量。结果表明:不同施肥量条件下,玉米产量和养分吸收量的变化趋势为优化施肥>常规施肥>不施肥料。优化施肥+全膜双垄沟处理玉米籽粒产量最高(6 907.78kg/hm^2),较不施肥料和常规施肥分别显著提高19.53%和13.06%;玉米植株氮、磷、钾吸收量随着产量的增加而增大,优化施肥+全膜双垄沟处理玉米籽粒和秸秆氮、磷、钾养分吸收量最大(182.89、17.83和99.38kg/hm^2)。就提高产量和减少地表径流而言,优化施肥+全膜双垄沟处理显著提高了氮、磷、钾肥料利用率,分别为8.78%、10.95%和24.09%。综合考虑,在黄绵土坡耕地种植玉米的最佳模式为优化施肥+全膜双垄沟,既能保证玉米稳产高产,又能显著减少土壤养分随地表径流流失。Field plot experiment was carried out on sloping field of typical Loessal soil in Loess Plateau for observing and analyzing different planting patterns and fertilizer application on maize yield,nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency,the study also was conducted to select the best planting patterns and fertilizer amount in this area.The results showed that the trends of maize yield and nutrient uptake were OPTCONCK under different fertilizer amounts.The yield of maize grain was highest under OPT＋TR＋FM treatment,the value was 6 907.78 kg/hm^2,compared with CK and CON treatments,it was significantly increased by 19.53% and 13.06% respectively;maize N,P,K nutrient uptake increased with the increase of yield,it was also highest（182.89,17.83,99.38 kg/hm^2）under OPT＋TR＋FM treatment.In terms of increasing production and reducing surface runoff,nitrogen and phosphorus potassic fertilizer utilization increased 8.78%,10.95% and 24.09% respectively under OPT＋TR＋FM treatment.All things considered,the optimum patterns of planting maize was OPT＋TR＋FM on sloping field of loessal soil,it not only could maintain stable and high yields of maize but also significantly reduced soil nutrient loss with surface runoff.

关 键 词：农作措施 坡耕地 玉米 产量 养分吸收 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]