地下水依赖型生态系统生态水文研究进展  

Ecohydrology of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems: A Review

作　　者：刘鹄 赵文智[1,2] 李中恺 Liu Hu;Zhao Wenzhi;Li Zhongkai(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2018年第7期741-750,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"荒漠绿洲非饱和带土壤水分运移及对地下水补给作用"(编号:41630861)资助~~

摘　　要：地下水依赖型生态系统(GDEs)中植被动态和土壤水盐平衡受地下水影响显著。从地下水与植被、土壤水、地表水和盐分动态关系、气候变化与人类干扰下的GDEs响应、GDEs模型与管理等方面综述了GDEs生态水文研究进展。指出在地下水环境变化后GDEs植被如何响应、GDEs功能是否发生突变、发生突变的生态阈值等是其可持续管理亟待回答的问题,其关键和难点是如何刻画地下水到地表土壤介质中的生态水文过程,加强相应的观测与模拟研究是未来的重要方向。此外,实现GDEs可持续管理还需要明确4个问题:(1)如何界定GDEs的范围,哪些物种和生境依靠地下水存在?(2)GDEs可持续发展需要何种地下水条件?(3)在社会资源有限的情况下如何管理地下水资源;(4)观测哪些生态参数来体现GDEs管理措施的有效性?Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems （GDEs） are ecosystems that must have access to groundwater to maintain their ecological structure and function. In other words, the vegetation dynamics moisture dynamics, and water-salt balance in GDEs are significantly affected by and directly related to the groundwater. This work reviews the most recent research advances in the ecohydrology of GDEs from：①the interactions between groundwater and vegetation, ②the interactions between groundwater and soil moisture dynamics in the vadose zone, the interactions between ground and ②surfaee-water systems, ④the interactions between groundwater and salt accumulation dynam- ics, ⑤the responses of GDEs to climate changes and human disturbances, and ⑥the eeohydrological modeling works toward sustainable management of GDEs. It is pointed out that several issues need to be taken into account in the managements of GDEs, i.e., how does the vegetation of GDEs response to fluctuations and decreases in thegroundwater level, whether there is a catastrophic loss of the functions of GDEs, and what is the threshold value be- low which such a catastrophe may occur. The key to solving those issues lies in how to delineate the different eco- hydrological processes occurred in the soil medium from the top of the ground surface to the water table. Therefore, observation and modeling efforts are needed and will be important research priorities in the future, especially for GDEs in arid environments. We also argued that four more difficulties should be addressed towards sustainable man- agement of GDEs in future ： ①how to identify GDEs in the field, and determine which habitats and species are reli- ant on groundwater for their persistence in the landscape, ②what groundwater regime is required to sustain the ex- istence of GDEs, ③how to manage GDEs with limited social resources, and ④what measures of ecosystem function can be monitored to determine that management is effective？

关 键 词：地下水依赖 生态水文 盐分动态 气候变化 数学模型 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] TV122[天文地球—地质学]