低水头水电厂进水口水流条件优化水工模型试验研究  

Study on hydraulic model experiment for optimization of intake flow condition of low-head hydropower station

作　　者：信瑞亮 张贵金[1] 胡春林 王竞 徐跃云 钟平 XIN Ruiliang;ZHANG Guijin;HU Chunlin;WANG Jing;XU Yueyun;ZHONG Ping(College of Hydraulic Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Wuling Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,State Power Investment Corporation,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利工程学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]国家电力投资集团公司五凌电力有限公司,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2018年第7期109-114,共6页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51409023);湖南省水利厅科技项目(湘水科技[2017]230-3)

摘　　要：通过水工模型试验,以东坪水电站为例,探究消除发电机组进水口立轴旋涡,削弱横向流及斜向流,平顺进流,增加发电效益的工程措施。模型比尺为1∶45,制定16种试验方案,采用定性法分析电厂进水口水流流态,采用定量法分析站前、导墙、拦沙坎所选位置的水位及流速数据。结果表明,该电站厂房严重偏离主河道是水流流态恶化的主要原因,可以通过缩短导墙长度、降低高度,降低拦沙坎高度,流线化处理闸墩牛腿边界轮廓等方式,改善进水口水流流态。综合工程实况得出,将导墙高程89.0 m以上长度缩减至0 m,同时降低导墙及拦砂坎至同一高度(2.0 m),并对3~#、4~#机组中间闸墩牛腿边界轮廓进行流线化处理为最优方案,优化后水头损失较大的3~#、4~#机组发电效益分别增加2.2%和3.8%。研究结果对于类似低水头电站导墙的布置具有一定的借鉴意义。Through hydraulic model experiment,the engineering measures of eliminating vertical shaft eddy,weakening crassflow and lateral-flow,smoothing incoming flow at the intake of power generating unit and then enhancing power generation benefit are explored herein by taking Dongping Hydropower Station as the study case. The mode scale is 1 ∶ 45 and 16 experiment schemes are med for analyzing the water flow regime at the intake of the hydropower plant with qualitative analysis method,while the water levels and flow velocities at the locations selected in front of the hydropower station and at guide-wall and sediment retaining weir are analyzed with quantitative analysis method as well. The result shows that the main causation of the depravation of the flow regime therein is the serious deviation of the powerhouse from the main river channel,for which the flow regime at the water intake can be improved through the means of shortening the length and lowering the height of the guide-wall,lowering the height of the sediment retaining weir,making stream-lining treatment on the boundary contour of the gate pier corbel,etc. It is obtained from the actual condition of the project that the optimal scheme is to reduce the length above the elevation of the guidewall of 89. 0 m to 0 m and lower both the guide-wall and the sediment retaining weir to the same height（2. 0 m）,and then make stream-lining treatment on the boundary contour of the gate pier corbel between the No. 3 and the No. 4 power generating units.The power generation benefits of both the No. 3 and the No. 4 power generating units with larger head losses are increased by2. 2% and 3. 8% respectively after the optimization. The study result has a certain significance for the layout of the guide-wall of the similar low-head hydropower station.

关 键 词：水工模型 进水口 导墙 拦沙坎 流线化 

分 类 号：TV671[水利工程—水利水电工程]