试论宋代地方治安维护体系中的巡检  

A Preliminary Study on the Xunjian in the Public Order Maintaining System of the Song Dynasty,960-1279

作　　者：赵冬梅[1] Zhao Dongmei

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系

出　　处：《唐宋历史评论》2017年第1期189-210,共22页

摘　　要：五代中央派＂使臣＂到地方巡检,逐捕盗贼、加强控制,巡检使臣成为州县、藩镇之外的维安力量。宋初,解除藩镇力量,复设县尉,重振州县维安制度,同时保留巡检以加强乡村治安。宋朝的巡检网络相对于州县呈＂不均匀分布＂状态,从而有效地补充了州县对行政区划边缘区域控制力的不足。路是州县与巡检的协调领导机构。巡检自立于州县之外的历史特征,在新的环境下逐渐消失,至南宋,巡检须听州县节制。＂当地现任＂官僚等级秩序在巡检-州县关系的演变中起了重要作用。The Xunjian refers to an officer who commanded a small army re-sponsible for some public safety and military assignments. During the Five Dynas-ties, the central governments sent “commissioners’’ as Xunjian to patrol some local areas, pursuing robbers, strengthening the central control. Xunjian thus became a new public order maintaining power other than the local governments and the Jiedushi. In the early Song Dynasty, with the reforms of public order maintaining system, Xunjian was remained, becoming independent and acting as a supplementary power to the local administrations while the Jiedushi was ex-pelled. A Xunjian9s jurisdiction was always distant rural areas which were the bor-der areas of two or more local administrations and far from all local administrative centers. The Xunjian officers and their small armies always stationed outside ad-ministrative capital cities. The Xunjian network was uneven in comparison to the local administrative system. Both the Xunjian and the local governments were under the leadership of the Lu administration. In the Southern Song, however, the Xunjian gradually turned to be a subordinate officer under the local govern-ments. The bureaucratic hierarchy in local areas took an important role in the change of the Xunjian - local government relations.

关 键 词：巡检 “不均匀分布” 地方行政区划 “当地现任” 官僚等级秩序 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]