红壳色中华绒螯蟹群体遗传特征的微卫星分析  

Population genetic analysis on Eriocheir sinensis with the red shell using microsatellite markers

作　　者：王正光 李晓东 姜玉声 左炳楠 司永国 郑岩 刘谞 孙娜 WANG Zhengguang;LI Xiaodong;JIANGYusheng;ZUOBingnan;SI Yongguo;ZHENGYan;LlUXu;SUN Na(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Research ＆ Development Center,Panjin Guanghe Crab Industrial Company Ltd.,Panjin 124000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]盘锦光合蟹业有限公司研发中心,辽宁盘锦124200

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2018年第3期34-41,共8页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(“863计划”,2012AA10A409);辽宁省高等学校海洋产业技术研究院项目;大连海洋大学蔚蓝英才工程资助项目

摘　　要：为了明确经多代人工选育的红壳色中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)群体遗传特征,为具制定合理的育种方案,本研究选用11对微卫星引物,借助Cervus与Pop Gen 32软件,对红壳色(HK)、红壳色群体中正常壳色(QK)及"光合1号"(GH1)3个群体,共120只蟹,各基因位点的遗传多态性和群体间的遗传分化情况进行分析。结果表明,11对引物中的10对多态信息含量(PIC)>0.5,符合群体遗传评估的要求。GH1、QK与HK群体的平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为3.694 8、3.011 5和2.403 9,观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.606 5、0.569 2和0.659 9,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.684 8、0.647 8和0.547 8,平均香农-威纳指数(I)分别为1.318 5、1.189 5和0.924 4。其中HK群体的平均He与I显著低于GH1群体(P<0.05)。HK群体的固定指数(Fis)多为负值,GH1群体与QK群体的Fis多为正值,且群体内Ho<He,说明GHI与QK存在群体内近交现象。3个群体的平均Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数(D)在-0.110 9与0.712 7之间,在NE5、NE16、ES34基因位点上均为负值。GH1群体的D多为负值,其中有9个微卫星位点可能存在杂合子缺失现象。HK与GH1群体之间遗传距离与遗传分化系数(Fst)最大(0.479 9/0.113 3),遗传相似系数最小(0.618 9),QK与GH1群体之间遗传距离与Fst最小(0.277 8/0.061 7),遗传相似系数最大(0.757 5)。UPGMA系统树分析显示GH1与QK群体为一支,HK群体单独为一支。红壳色中华绒螯蟹受限于"始祖效应"表现为遗传多样性水平较低。因此,建议通过扩大育种群体数量,应用杂交技术继续进行人工选育,以利于这一稀有种质资源的保存。This is aim to evaluate the genetic characteristics after long-term artificial selection,11 pairs of microsatellite primers were used with Cervus and Pop Gen 32 software to comparatively analyze 3 populations of Chinese mitten crab（ red shell Chinese mitten crab,HK; the normal color crab from the red population,QK; ＂Guanghe NO： 1 ＂,GH1）,total of 120. The results showed that polymorphism information content（ PIC） from 10 of 11 pairs of microsatellite primers,except for ES34,were more than 0. 5,which meets the requirement of evaluation the genetic characteristics of 3 crab populations. The number of effective alleles（ Ne） of them were 3. 694 8、3. 011 5 和 2. 403 9,respectively; heterozygosity（ Ho） of them were 0. 659 9,0. 606 5 and 0. 569 2,respectively; the expected heterozygosity（ He） were 0. 5478,0. 6848 and 0. 6478,respectively; the Shannon Wiener index（ I） of them were 1. 318 5、1. 189 5和 0. 924 4,respectively. The He and I of HK were significantly lower than those of GH1 population（ P 0. 05）.The fixation index（ Fis） of HK population was negative. However,positive fixation indices were observed and Ho He between GH1 and QK populations,which might result from inbreeding. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviation indexes were negative in GH1 population with heterozygote deletion at 9 microsatellite location. The longest genetic distance and maximum genetic differentiation coefficient（ Fst）（ 0. 479 9/0. 113 3）,and minimum coefficient of genetic similarity（ 0. 618 9） were found in HK and GH1 population; the shortest genetic distance and minimum Fst（ 0. 277 8/0. 061 7）,and maximum genetic similarity degree（ 0. 757 5） were found in QK and GH1 population. GH1 and QK population were merged into one group with UPGMA method,HK population was one group alone. Moreover,the level of genetic diversity of HK population was low due to ＂Ancestor effect＂. Therefore,a further selective breeding should be focused on expanding amount of the breeding populations bas

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 壳色 微卫星 遗传特征 遗传多态性 遗传分化 

分 类 号：S91[农业科学—水产科学]