民族地区社会救助制度的地方实践与执行偏差——以F县城乡低保和五保供养制度为例  

Deviation of Local Practice and Implementation of Social Assistance System in Minority Areas: A Case Study of Subsistence Allowance System and Five-Guarantee System in Urban and Rural Regions in F County

作　　者：张帅[1] Zhang Shuai

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心

出　　处：《社会建设》2018年第2期25-37,共13页Social Construction

基　　金：国家社科基金特别委托项目"21世纪初中国少数民族地区经济社会发展综合调查"(项目编号:13@ZH001)的子项目"湘西土家族苗族自治州凤凰县经济社会发展综合调查"

摘　　要：民族地区的县市具有许多自身的特征,F县是地处民族地区的国家级贫困县。F县的城乡低保和五保供养制度在实施过程出现未能适时调整城乡低保标准、城乡低保补偿水平较低、五保集中供养率逐渐下降以及对五保老人自主选择权的剥夺(担保人机制)等问题。通过深入分析发现在这些问题的背后有更深刻的原因:一是在社会救助方面政府的财政投入不足;二是养老服务供给缺乏。希望能够通过加大中央和省级财政支持力度,适时调整城乡低保标准和补助水平,建立常态化的农村互助机制和引入专业社会组织提供养老服务等措施以促进社会救助制度实施过程中相关问题的解决。Counties and municipalities in minority areas generally possess many of their own features.As a nationallevel poverty-stricken county located in minority areas.,the failure of due attention to its own features in F county makes its subsistence allowance system and five-guarantee system encounter a couple of problems： the failure of timely adjustment to the standards of the subsistence allowance system; a lower level of subsistence allowance; a decline in the concentrated supporting rate of the five guarantees and the deprivation of the independent options of the beneficiaries elderly citizens（the guarantor mechanism）, etc. Through depth analysis, some major reasons contributed to those problems. First, the lack of financial investment from the government in social assistance; second, the absence of elderly care service. Taking these facts and problems into account, the central and provincial governments＇ financial supports should be reinforced; the standards and level of subsistence allowance in rural and urban areas should be adjusted in a timely manner; a normalized mutual aid mechanism should be established in rural areas; and professional social organizations should be introduced to offer elderly care service— thus helping solve the problems emerging in the implementation process of the social subsistence system.

关 键 词：民族地区 社会救助 城乡低保制度 五保供养制度 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]