混合式单牙轮钻头破岩性能研究  

Study on rock breaking performance of hybrid single cone bit

作　　者：邓嵘[1] 侯凯 李孟华 李向东 DENG Rong;HOU Kai;LI Meng-hua;LI Xiang-dong(School of Mechatronic Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学机电工程学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《工程设计学报》2018年第3期262-269,共8页Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划资助项目(2013GZX0159)

摘　　要：在石油钻探过程中,优质的钻头对于降低钻井成本和提高钻井效率至关重要。通过设计,将牙掌结构与牙轮结构相连接,并且分别在牙轮和牙掌上安装锥形齿和PDC齿,从而设计出一种新型的混合式单牙轮钻头。该混合式单牙轮钻头较一般单牙轮钻头多了PDC齿,利用冲击和剪切原理破岩。牙轮大端通过井底中心,所有齿圈与井壁接触,在破岩的同时可以起到保径作用。建立了混合式单牙轮钻头与岩石相互作用的有限元模型,并对钻头井底模型、牙齿主切削力和破岩体积进行了仿真分析。通过台架实验对数值模拟得到的钻压和进尺量进行验证。研究结果表明,数值模拟得到的钻压和进尺量与台架测试结果相符,破岩载荷规律与钻头结构设计特点一致。混合式单牙轮钻头与球形单牙轮钻头相比,侧向力减小39.6%,破岩效率提高37%。使用该混合式单牙轮钻头钻井时稳定性更高,可以减小井斜发生的概率。根据结果可知,数值模拟在研究该混合式单牙轮钻头破岩规律中是有效的,该方法为钻头进一步设计及其工作特性的评估提供了依据。In the course of oil drilling , high-quality drill bits play a vital role in reducing cost and improving drilling efficiency .A new hybrid single cone bit was designed by connecting the teeth palm with conical tooth and the cone with PDC teeth . The hybrid single cone bit was added with the PDC teeth based on general single cone bit ,which broke rock by shocking and shearing . The big end of hybrid single cone passed through the center of bottom hole , and all teeth rings contac-ted with wall of hole which could achieve gauge protection during rock breaking . A finite element model of interaction between hybrid single cone bit and rock was established , and the bottom hole model , the main cutting force and rock breaking volume were simulated and analyzed .Bench test was carried out to verify the drilling pressure and the drilling depth which were obtained by the numerical simulation . Research results showed that the drilling pressure and the drilling depth obtained by numerical simulation conformed to bench test results ,and the regulation of rock breaking load was consistent with the design characteristics of the cone bit structure .Comparing with the spherical single cone bit ,the side force of hybrid single cone bit was reduced by 39.6 % , and the rock breaking efficiency increased by 33% . The stability was higher when drilling using the hybrid single cone bit ,and it could reduce the probability of well deviation as well .According to the results ,the numerical simulation is effective to study the rock breaking law of the hybrid single cone bit , which provides a basis for further design and performance evaluation of the drill bit .

关 键 词：混合式单牙轮钻头 数值模拟 侧向力 破岩效率 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备] P589[天文地球—岩石学]