基于拓扑优化的重型矿用自卸车翻车保护结构设计  

Design of roll-over protective structure for heavy mining dumper based on topology optimization

作　　者：唐华平[1] 曾理 王胜泽 陈昊森 TANG Hua-ping;ZENG Li;WANG Sheng-ze;CHEN Hao-sen(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《工程设计学报》2018年第3期295-301,共7页Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(SS2012AA041809);湖南省科技重大专项计划项目(2010FJ1003-2)

摘　　要：翻车保护结构(roll-over protective structure,ROPS)是安装在工程车辆驾驶室中的一套被动保护装置,能在翻车事故中为驾驶人员提供有效的保护。为解决ROPS承载能力、刚度、轻量化和侧向吸能效果之间的矛盾,将基于变密度法的拓扑优化技术引入重型矿用自卸车ROPS设计中,以解决ROPS在给定设计域内的材料最优分布问题,提高ROPS侧向吸能效果和垂向、纵向的刚度,减轻自重。首先,利用OptiStruct结构优化模块对ROPS进行拓扑优化设计,以多工况组合应变能最小为优化目标,按照国际标准规定的性能要求施加载荷和约束条件。基于拓扑优化结果,对ROPS进行详细设计。然后,利用显示动力分析软件LS-DYNA对ROPS的最终设计模型进行动态加载分析。最后对优化后ROPS的性能与原ROPS的性能进行对比分析。结果表明:拓扑优化设计后的ROPS在3个工况下都没有入侵DLV(deflection-limiting volume,挠曲极限量),满足国际标准中的承载能力要求;在侧向加载中最大能量吸收达到175kJ,满足国际标准中的侧向能量吸收要求;相较于原ROPS,拓扑优化设计后的ROPS达到侧向能量吸收要求所需的载荷从1 324.5kN减小到1 231kN,加载中心点的垂向位移减小21.3%,纵向位移减小34.4%,质量减小24.1%。研究结果为重型矿用自卸车ROPS的设计提供了新方法,对后续ROPS的设计与改进有一定的指导作用。The roll-over protective structure （ROPS ） is a set of passive protective device installed on the cab of the engineering vehicle , which can provide effective protection for the driver in the roll-over accident .To solve contradictions between carrying capacity, rigidity,light weight and lateral endergonic effects of ROPS , topological optimization technology based on variable-density method has been introduced to ROPS design of heavy mining dumper , which can solve the prob-lem of ROPS about optimal distribution of materials in a given design area and improve its lateral endergonic effect and vertical and parallel rigidity and reduce self weight .Firstly,the OptiStruct structure optimization module was used to make topology optimization design of ROPS .The opti-mization objective was to minimize the strain energy in multiple working conditions . Loads and constraints were applied according to the international standards .According to the topology opti-mization results , the detailed design was carried out .Afterwards , the dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA was used to make dynamic loading analysis for ROPS final design model .Finally , per-formance contrastive analysis between optimized ROPS and original ROPS was made . Results showed that the topology optimized RO PS did not invade DLV （deflection-limiting volume） under the three working conditions and met the international standards of carrying capacity require - ments . The maximum energy absorption in lateral loading reached 175 kJ , which met the require-ments of the international standards for the absorption of lateral energy .Compared with the origi- nal ROPS , the topology optimized ROPS reduced the load required for the lateral energy absorp-tion from 1 324.5 kN to 1 231 kN .The vertical displacement of the loading center was reduced by 21.2% and the longitudinal displacement was reduced by 34.4% . Its quality was decreased by 24.1% . The research results provide a new me

关 键 词：翻车保护结构 有限元法 拓扑优化 安全性能 

分 类 号：U469.4[机械工程—车辆工程]