2014年中国13～18岁汉族学生身体素质现状及其相关因素分析  

Analysis on prevalence of physical fitness and related influencing factors among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years in 2014

作　　者：杨忠平[1] 董彦会 王政和 徐荣彬[1] 杨招庚 田荣 王西婕 陈妍君 邹志勇[1] 马军[1] Yang Zhongping;Dong Yanhui;Wang Zhenghe;Xu Rongbin;Yang Zhaogeng;Tian Rong;Wang Xijie;Chen Yanjun;Zou Zhiyong;Ma Jun(Institute of Child and Adolescent Health,School of Public Health,Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,100191 [2]宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2018年第8期809-815,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81302442）

摘　　要：目的 了解2014年13~18岁中国汉族学生身体素质现状及其相关因素。方法 选取2014年全国学生体质与健康调研数据库的所有13~18岁体测正常学生106 881名，排除体测资料不完整的学生1 047名，最后纳入分析样本共计105 834名。按照2014年《国家学生体质健康标准》，基于BMI、肺活量、50 m跑、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、引体向上/斜身引体/仰卧起坐、耐力跑等7项指标计算身体素质综合得分，得分≥60分为及格。比较不同特征的汉族学生身体素质状况，采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析汉族学生身体素质的相关因素。结果 2014年全国13~18岁汉族学生身体素质综合得分（70.1±10.7）分，及格率为83.9%（88 813名）。其中男生身体素质及格率[83.5%（44 197/52 910）]低于女生[84.3%（44 616/52 924）]（P〈0.001），13~15岁年龄组及格率[86.5%（46 255/53 465）]高于16~18岁[81.3%（42 558/52 369）]（P〈0.001）。除中部地区的16~18岁男生以外，体重正常、东部地区、社会经济状况好、体育课时充足、体育锻炼时间≥1 h/d、写作业时间≥2 h/d、看电视时间〈1 h/d等因素均是身体素质及格率高的相关因素（P值均〈0.05）。结论 中国13~18岁汉族学生身体素质状况良好，身体素质及格率在性别和年龄组间存在差异，并与营养状况、地区、社会经济状况、体育课时、每天体育锻炼时间、每天写作业时间、每天看电视时间等因素的有关。Objective To analyze the prevalence of physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years in 2014, and explore related influencing factors.Methods This study recruited 106 881 Han students aged 13-18 years who had taken physical fitness test from Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health in 2014. After the exclusion of 1 047 students without complete records of physical fitness test, 105 834 students were included in the final analysis. According to the National Student Physical Health Standard modified in 2014, seven indicators including body mass index, vital capacity, 50-m run, sit-and-reach, standing broad jump, pull-ups/curl-ups and endurance run were tested to calculate the total score of students＇ physical fitness. Students with score ≥60 were regarded as qualified students. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors of physical fitness.Results Among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years, the total score was 70.1±10.7 and the qualified rate was 83.9% （n=88 813）. Boys （83.5% （44 197/52 910）） had a lower qualified rate of physical fitness than girls （84.3% （44 616/52 924）） （P〈0.001）, and 13-15 age group （86.5% （46 255/53 465）） was higher than the 16–18 age group （81.3% （42 558/52 369）） （P〈0.001）. Except for 16–18-year-old boys from central region, normal body mass index, eastern region, good socioeconomic status, enough PE class, exercise time ≥1 h/d, homework time ≥2 h/d, TV time 〈1 h/d were all related to high qualified rates of physical fitness （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years were in good physical condition. The qualified rates of physical fitness were significantly different by gender and age groups. Nutritional status, region, socioeconomic status, PE class, exercise time per day, homework time per day, and TV time per day were related factors of physical fitness.

关 键 词：学生 身体素质 营养状况 及格率 相关因素 

分 类 号：G806[文化科学—运动人体科学]