2017年建瓯市翠冠梨花期及产量调查与原因分析  

Investigation and Cause of Flowering Period and Yield Reduction of Pear cv.'Cuiguan' in Jian'ou City in 2017

作　　者：邓建丽[1] 沈长华 詹小敏[3] 刘晓霞 龚华秀 DENG Jian-li;SHEN Chang-hua;ZHAN Xiao-min;LIU Xiao-xia;GONG ttua-xiu(Jian＇ ou Meteorological Bureau,Jian＇ ou 353100,Fujian China;Nanping Ecological and Agricultural Meterorogical Experiment Station,Jianyang 354200,Fujian China;Jian＇ ou Agricultural Bureau,Jian＇ ou 353100,Fujian China)

机构地区：[1]福建省建瓯市气象局,福建建瓯353100 [2]福建省南平生态与农业气象试验站,福建建阳354200 [3]福建省建瓯市农业局,福建建瓯353100

出　　处：《东南园艺》2018年第2期46-50,共5页Southeast Horticulture

摘　　要：2017年建瓯市翠冠梨开花始期推迟、花量少、且花期持续时间长、挂果率低、减产明显。通过2017年建瓯市城区、玉山自动气象数据分析,结果表明:(1)2016年12月至2017年2月气温持续偏高,气温≤7.2℃低温需冷量不足;开花前≥10.0℃有效积温少,3月气温持续偏低导致翠冠梨不能适时开花、花量少,是翠冠梨花芽分化不完全,花期长、花质差的重要原因。(2)2017年4月中旬~5月上旬开花期气温变化幅度大,多雨;开花坐果与抽梢长叶同步和螨虫繁殖入侵,是影响2017年翠冠梨坐果率低,单位产量下降明显的最主要原因。(3)建瓯市玉山镇岭口村高海拔翠冠梨园低温需冷量较充足,有利于翠冠梨自然打破休眠,除开花期推迟外,花量与开花期影响较小,新建翠冠梨园时必须选择海拔较高区域。In 2017 pear cv. ＇Cuiguan＇ showed postponing of flowering beginning, small amount of flowers, long flowering period, low fruit setting ratio and sharp yield reduction. Automatic meteorological data were analyzed at urban area and Yushan Town, Jian＇ ou City. The results showed that there was continuous high temperature from December, 2016 to February, 2017. Chilling requirement was insufficient when temperature was under 7.2℃. Effective accumulated temperature ≥10.0℃ was low before flowering. Continuous low temperature in March resulted in flowering delay, small amounts of flower which mainly caused low efficient differentiation of flower bud, long flowering period and low flower quality. Enough chilling requirement benefited nature dormancy breaking at Lingkou Country, Yushan Town, Jian＇ ou City. Except flowering delay, effects on small amounts of flower and flowering period were few. When new pear orchards were established, it should be selected in high altitude area.

关 键 词：建瓯 翠冠梨 花期与减产 气象因子分析 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]