不同施氮量对晚稻抵御抽穗扬花期低温的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on low temperature resistance of late rice at heading and flowering stage

作　　者：曹娜 熊强强[1] 陈小荣[1] 贺浩华[1] 朱昌兰[1] 傅军如[1] 才硕 徐涛 CAO Na;XIONG Qiang-qiang;CHEN Xiao-rong;HE Hao-hua;ZHU Chang-lan;FU Jun-ru;CAI Shuo;XU Tao(College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agri-cultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Mintstry of Education/Jiangxi Province Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology/Collaboration Center for Double-season Rice Modernization Production,Nanchang 330045,China;Institute of Horticultural Sciences,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;jiangxi Province Irrigation Experiment Station,Nanchang 330201,China）.)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省超级稻工程技术研究中心/双季稻现代化生产协同中心,南昌330045 [2]江西省农业科学院园艺研究所,南昌330200 [3]江西省灌溉试验中心站,南昌330201

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第8期2566-2574,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360309);江西农业大学研究生创新基金项目(NDYC2015-S004);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406025)资助~~

摘　　要：以超级杂交晚稻品种五丰优T025为材料,设置4种施氮水平,低氮(N_1,90kg N·hm^(-2))、正常氮(N_2,180 kg N·hm^(-2))、高氮(N_3,250 kg N·hm^(-2))和超高氮(N_4,330kg N·hm^(-2)),研究了抽穗扬花期低温条件下不同施氮量对晚稻生长发育、产量形成和相关生理特性的影响.结果表明:遇低温条件下,各处理产量均有不同程度的下降,以N_2产量最高,N_1最低,N_3和N_4居中,N_3、N_4单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数均较高,但结实率和收获指数均显著下降;随施氮量增加,包穗率、总干物质量和叶绿素含量有不同程度的升高,而穗部干物质量则以N_2最多;低温来临后,各处理叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)和蒸腾速率(T_r)均有不同程度的下降,N_3、N_4的Pn、T_r较N_2降幅更大;各处理游离脯氨酸、丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活性均一定程度上升高,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量下降,以N_3、N_4的变化幅度最为显著.表明高氮量不利于晚稻抵御抽穗扬花期低温,生产上应避免氮肥施用失当,双季晚稻施氮量以不超过180 kg·hm^(-2)为宜.Four levels of nitrogen application（N1, low nitrogen, 90 kg N · hm-2; N2,normal nitrogen, 180 kg N · hm-2; N3,high nitrogen, 250 kg N · hm-2; N4,ultra high nitrogen, 330 kg N · hm-2） were set to examine the effects of nitrogen application on the growth and development, yield formation and related physiological characteristics of late rice under low temperature condition during heading and flowering stage, with super hybrid late rice variety Wufengyou T025 as test material. The results showed that yield of all treatments decreased in different degrees under the low temperature conditions,with the yield of N2 being the highest, and N1 the lowest. The effective panicles per plant and total grains per panicle in N3 and N4 were higher than those of the other treatments,but their seed setting rate and harvest index were significantly decreased. With the increases of nitrogen application rates,pocketed panicle rate,the total dry mass and chlorophyll contents（SPAD value） increased to different extent,while the panicle dry mass of N2 was the highest. After low temperature, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of the total treatments decreased to varying degrees, and the declined range of the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in N3 and N4 were higher than other treatments. The contents of free proline, malondialdehyde and peroxidase activity of all treatments increased to varying extent,while superoxide dismutase,catalyes activities and the soluble protein contents decreased, with the magnitude of variation in N3 and N4 being the greatest. It demonstrated that high amounts of nitrogen application were unfavorable to late rice to resist low temperature at heading and flowering stage and thus misuse of nitrogen fertilizer application should be avoided in production. The suitable amount of nitrogen application in double cropping late rice was not more than 180 kg · hm-2.

关 键 词：氮肥 晚稻 抽穗扬花期 低温 干物质 产量 生理特性 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]