黄土高原北部日本弓背蚁巢穴结构特征及其影响因素  

Structure Characteristics of Camponotus Japonicus Nests in Northern Part of Loess Plateau and Influencing Factors

作　　者：杨析 邵明安[1,2,3,4] 李同川 贾玉华 贾小旭[3] 黄来明[3] YANG Xi;SHAO Ming＇ an;LI Tongchuan;JIA Yuhua;JIA Xiaoxu;HUANG Laiming(College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100190 [5]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《土壤学报》2018年第4期868-878,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571130081;41571221;41390463)资助~~

摘　　要：黄土高原大量的植被恢复为地栖性土壤动物提供了合适的栖息地和充足的食物,土壤动物的筑巢活动可提高土壤大孔隙的数量。以黄土高原北部神木县六道沟小流域的日本弓背蚁为研究对象,通过石膏浇筑法研究了日本弓背蚁巢穴结构特征,对比了日本弓背蚁(Camponotus japonicus)和针毛收获蚁(Messor aciculatus)成熟巢穴结构的异同,分析了土壤质地、土壤含水量和土壤容重对日本弓背蚁巢穴结构的影响。结果表明:日本弓背蚁的巢穴结构由通道和巢室组合而成,通道为圆柱形,其直径大小为4.1~6.6 mm,巢室的形状为倒置漏斗形或立体椭圆形,巢室横截面面积为606~2 117 mm^2;日本弓背蚁和针毛收获蚁巢穴在通道直径、巢室形状和横截面积、巢穴深度等方面有较大的差异;巢穴体积随着蚂蚁群落规模的增加而增加;日本弓背蚁群落在壤土和壤砂土中均有广泛分布,适宜其生存和繁殖的土壤含水量在60~200 g kg^(-1)之间,在土壤颗粒较大的干燥砂土中并不常见;土壤容重越大,蚂蚁巢穴的结构越简单,其通道的长度、分支、节点和巢穴总体积较小。但是,通道直径主要与蚂蚁的体型相关,不受土壤质地、含水量和容重的影响。本研究从小尺度分析了黄土高原植被恢复通过土栖性蚂蚁对土壤结构产生的间接影响,拓宽了黄土高原北部土壤大孔隙的研究范围。【Objective】Large-scaled restoration of vegetation in the northern part of the Loess Plateau has promoted development of land-dwelling animals or soil animals in that region by providing abundant food and suitable habitats.Nesting activities of soil animals markedly increase the amount of soil macropores,which in turn significantly affect the transformation,storage and utilization of precipitation.The pores formed by soil animals and plant roots are often tubular and have smooth inner walls good in water stability,and hence significantly contribute to the migration of soil moisture.In recent years,quite a number of studies have been reported investigating macropores formed in the soil by plant roots in the Loess Plateau,but little has dealing with macropores formed by soil animals in the region.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate characteristics of ant nests（Camponotus japonicus）and identify factors controlling their nest structure in the Liudaogou Catchment.【Method】In this paper,Camponotus japonicus in the Liudaogou Catchment,north of the Loess Plateau was selected as the research object.Subterranean nests of the ants and the native Messor aciculatus were filled with thin mush of orthodontic plaster in the field to produce 3D images of the ant nests for comparison to check their similarities and differences.Besides,a total of 21 iron buckets（20 cm in diameter x 20 cm in height）packed with loam were used to raise worker ants in so as to explore relationship between volume of the nest and number of the worker ants.Moreover,worker ants were introduced into plastic buckets（30 cm diameter x 40 cm height）packed with sand to assess effects of soil moisture content and soil bulk density on structure of the Camponotus japonicus nests.【Result】The Camponotus japonicus nests in the field stretched out vertically as tunnels and horizontally as a series of planular chambers linked with the tunnels.The nest tunnels ranged from 4.1 to 6.6 mm in diameter and went as deep as 63 cm down into the soil.T

关 键 词：蚂蚁 土壤含水量 土壤质地 土壤容重 巢穴结构 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]