土壤文化历史档案记录功能评价研究——以河南仰韶村文化遗址为例  

Evaluation of Function of Soil as Archive of Cultural History——A Case Study of the Yangshao Village Cultural Relic Site,Henan Province

作　　者：查理思 吴克宁[2,3] 梁思源[4] ZHA Lisi;WU Kening;LIANG Siyuan(School of Public Administration,Guangdong University of Finance and Economics,Guangzhou 510320,China;School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Ministry of Land and Resources,Beijing 100035,China;School of Public Administration,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学公共管理学院,广州510320 [2]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [3]国土资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京100035 [4]郑州大学公共管理学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《土壤学报》2018年第4期900-910,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371226)资助~~

摘　　要：目前土壤文化历史档案记录功能研究主要集中于理论和概念,评价指标和标准中定性成分较多,定量成分较少。对此,该研究通过选取遗物遗迹指标(陶片、石器、遗骸、灰坑、灰烬层和文化层)和诊断指标(色度、磁化率、粒度、矿质全量、容重、有机碳同位素、孢粉、植硅体和炭屑),依据指标是否存在或达标,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,建立土壤文化历史档案记录功能评价体系。由于遗物遗迹科研价值明显,所以遗物遗迹指标的重要性大于诊断指标,而遗迹(灰坑、灰烬层和文化层)与遗物(陶片、石器和遗骸)相比,土壤科研价值明显,所以遗迹指标的重要性大于遗物指标,据此将该功能划分为六个等级:一级表示功能完整,发现所有遗物遗迹指标,且数量丰富;二级表示功能明显,发现大量遗迹指标,但遗物指标部分存在;三级表示功能部分明显,发现大量遗物指标,遗迹指标部分存在;四级表示功能不明显,未发现遗物遗迹指标,但诊断指标达标;五级表示功能微弱,未发现遗迹遗物指标,部分诊断指标达标;六级表示无此功能,未发现遗物遗迹指标,诊断指标不达标。运用该评价方法,在河南仰韶村文化遗址内,分别选取一个受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面(简称文化剖面)和未受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面(简称自然剖面),基于典型剖面的土壤理化性质分析和对比,选取适合该遗址的评价指标和标准,并开展功能评价,从而明确不同级别区域的保护力度和科研价值。【Objective】At present,the issue of how to evaluate of function of the soil as archive of cultural history remains to be at the stage of theory and concept.Most indices and standards of the evaluation are rather qualitative than quantitative.As a special kind of soil formed under the impacts of fossil human activities,only when its recognition and identification is performed in combination with quantitative analysis,will it be feasible to define accurately the function of the soil as archive of cultural history,which will then provide scientific basis for protection of the soils that possess such functions.【Method】In this paper,qualitative methods were used in combination with quantitative methods to evaluate the function of the soil.An evaluation index system and a set of evaluation standards were established.The evaluation index system consisted of two categories,remains/relics and diagnostic indices.The former included ash pit,ash layer,cultural layer,pottery shards,stoneware and human remains,among which ash pit,ash layer and cultural layer were sorted into indices of remains,and the rest into indices of relics,while the latter did chroma,magnetic susceptibility,particle size,free iron,total mineral,clay mineral,micromorphology,organic carbon isotope,bulk density,spore pollen,charcoal shavings and phytolith.The remains/relics indices are much more important and valuable than diagnostic indices to scientific research,while relics are more valuable than remains to soil research,so the indices of relics are more important than those of remains.Once the indices of relics are detected,it can be concluded immediately that the soil is cultural soil formed under the impact of fossil human activities,whereas if no index of relics is found,it has to be ruled out in diagnosis whether the soil has been affected by fossil human activities.On such a basis,the function of soil as archive of cultural history could be divided into six grades.Grade I indicates that the function is complete with all remain/relic indices

关 键 词：土壤功能 评价指标 评价标准 

分 类 号：S155[农业科学—土壤学]