马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的抗性监测及替代药剂防治效果  

Monitoring of Resistance of Phytophthora infestans on Potato to Metalaxyl and the Control Efficacy of Alternative Fungicides

作　　者：路粉[1] 赵建江[1] 刘晓芸[2] 孟润杰 吴杰 韩秀英[1] 王文桥[1] LU Fen;ZHAO JianJiang;LIU XiaoYun;MENG RunJie;WU Jie;HAN XiuYing;WANG WenQiao(plant Protection Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Seiences/IPM Center of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China,Ministry of Agriculture,Baoding 071000,Hebei;Baoding Vocational and Technical College,Baoding 071051,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所/河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心/农业部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]保定职业技术学院,河北保定071051

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第14期2700-2710,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303023;201303018);河北省自然科学基金青年基金(C2018301025);河北省财政专项(F18E10002)

摘　　要：【目的】监测河北、内蒙古、吉林3个地区的马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)对苯基酰胺类杀菌剂甲霜灵的抗性发展动态,筛选甲霜灵的高效替代药剂并对其交替使用防治马铃薯晚疫病的效果进行研究,为甲霜灵抗性严重地区的马铃薯晚疫病防治提供参考。【方法】共采集、分离到634个马铃薯晚疫病菌的单孢菌株,采用菌丝生长速率法测定其对甲霜灵的敏感性,通过田间药效试验筛选甲霜灵高效替代药剂并评估交替用药对甲霜灵抗性菌株占优势地区马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果。【结果】3个地区的马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵已普遍产生抗性,抗性频率达100%,平均抗性倍数高达34 934,抗性指数为0.97。其中2011—2012年晚疫病菌群体中以中抗菌株和高抗菌株为主,2013—2016年均为高抗菌株。吉林和内蒙古地区菌株的平均抗性倍数略高于河北地区菌株的平均抗性倍数。2011—2012年吉林和内蒙古地区菌株的抗性指数略高于河北地区菌株的抗性指数,2013—2016年3个地区的抗性指数均达到最高值1.00。田间药效试验中按照推荐浓度4次喷药,25%甲霜灵SC、68%精甲·锰锌WG和64%霜·锰锌WP的防治效果分别为37.0%、67.5%和50.9%—65.8%,显著低于80%代森锰锌WP的防治效果(72.8%),而10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG、50%烯酰吗啉WP、687.5 g·L^(-1)氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC、16%氟噻唑吡乙酮·嘧菌酯SC和26%氟噻唑吡乙酮·双炔酰菌胺SC对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果良好(83.9%—90.3%),可作为甲霜灵的替代药剂。将10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG、50%烯酰吗啉WP和687.5 g·L^(-1)氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC等不同作用机理的高效替代药剂与代森锰锌、嘧菌酯和氟吗啉等药剂交替使用5—6次,对晚疫病防治效果为88.3%—90.5%,比代森锰锌、苯基酰胺类杀菌剂和霜脲·锰锌等常规药剂交替施药区马铃薯增产64.4%—78.3%。【�【Objective】 The objective of this study is to clarify the dynamics of resistance to phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl of Phytophthora infestans from potato of Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province, screen for highly effective fungicides that can replace metalaxyl, assess the control efficacy against potato late blight of the alternate application of these alternative fungicides, and to provide the clues for control of potato late blight in the regions where P. infestans developed severe resistance to metalaxyl. 【Method】 A total of 634 single cystospore strains of P. infestans were isolated from major production areas of potato of Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Jilin. The sensitivity of 634 P. infestans strains to metalaxyl was determined by the mycelial growth inhibition test. The highly effective fungicides that can replace metalaxyl were screened through the control efficacy trials of fungicides against potato late blight in the fields, the control efficacy of alternate application of alternative fungicides against potato late blight in the area where metalaxy-resistant strains prevailed in P. infestans population was evaluated in the field trials.【Result】P. infestans widely developed resistance to metalaxyl in Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Jilin, the frequency of metalaxyl-resistant strains was up to 100% among 634 P. infestans strains collected from 2011-2016. The average resistance factor and resistance index to metalaxyl was 34 934 and 0.97, respectively. Moderately resistant or highly resistant strains predominated in all strains collected from 2011-2012, whereas the highly resistant strains predominated in all strains collected from 2013-2016. The average resistance factor of the strains from Jilin and Inner Mongolia was higher than that of the strains from Hebei. Resistance index of the strains collected from Jilin and Inner Mongolia in 2011-2012 was higher than resistance index of the strains collected from Hebei in 2011-2012. Resistance index of the strains collected from

关 键 词：马铃薯晚疫病菌 甲霜灵 抗性动态 交替用药 防治效果 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]