基于高分卫星遥感数据的冀东地区矿山开发现状及环境问题研究  

Research on the current situation of mine exploitation and environmental problems based on the satellite remote sensing data in Eastern Hebei

作　　者：鱼磊 李应真 高俊华[2] 刘立[1,2] 许兆军[1,2] 邹蒲[1,3] YU Lei;LI Yingzhen;GAO Junhua;LIU Li;XU Zhaojun;ZOU Pu(China University of Geosciences（Wuhan）,Wuhan 430000,China;Remote Sensing Center of Hunan Province,Changsha 410000,China;Hunan Aerospace Yuanwang Technology Co.Ltd.,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉),武汉430000 [2]湖南省遥感中心,长沙410000 [3]湖南航天远望科技有限公司,长沙410000

出　　处：《中国地质调查》2018年第4期90-98,共9页Geological Survey of China

基　　金：中国地质调查局"全国矿产资源开发环境遥感监测(编号:121201003000150009)"项目资助

摘　　要：为了基本查明冀东地区矿产资源开发过程中占损土地、恢复治理和矿山环境现状及变化趋势,利用国产高分遥感卫星数据作为主要数据源,辅以野外调查和走访,对该区矿产资源开发和矿山环境问题进行了调查与研究。在广泛收集基础地质资料和遥感资料基础上,结合野外验证建立了该区矿山开发占地的解译标志;利用ArcGIS平台对矿山占损土地进行了统计与变化分析;对区内采矿引起的植被破坏、水体污染和采空沉陷等系列矿山环境问题进行了调查与研究。结果表明:(1)区内2016年度矿山占损土地总面积为49755.47hm2,占研究区总面积的2.26%,且有逐年扩大趋势;(2)相较开发占损土地状况,区内矿山环境恢复治理程度低,治理进程滞后,2016年治理率仅为4.7%;(3)区内206个金属矿开采点距离重要水源较近,对水体安全构成威胁;(4)采矿引起的采空沉陷面积较大,影响周边村庄和生态环境稳定性,直接影响区域总面积达24351hm2;(5)国产高分遥感卫星数据具有空间分辨率高、快速、经济等特点,在矿山开发占地和矿山环境调查研究中可发挥重要作用。In order to ascertain the land occupied or destructed,the current situation of restoration and mine environment and the trends during the mineral resources exploitation in Eastern Hebei,using domestic high resolution remote sensing satellite data as the main data source with field investigations and interviews,the authors made investigation and research on the mineral resources exploitation and mine environmental problems in this area.Based on the extensive collection of geological data and remote sensing data,combined with field validation,the authors established the interpretation signs of land occupied in mine exploitation. Through the ArcGIS platform, they did statistical analysis of mine land occupied or destructed,and made investigation and research on the mine environmental problems caused by mining in the area, which include vegetation destruction,water pollution and mining subsidence. The results show that：（1）In 2016,the total area of mine land occupied is 49755. 47 hm^2,accounting for 2.26% of the study area,and there is an increasing trend year by year.（2）Compared with the land occupied or destructed,the recovery extent of the mine environment in the study area is low,and the environmental treatment processes are lagging behind. The rate of treatment in 2016 is only 4.7%.（3）206 mining points in the study area are close to the important water source,which threaten the safety of the water body.（4）The area of mining subsidence caused by mining is large,which affects the surrounding villages and the ecological environment,and the total area is 24351hm^2.（5） The domestic high resolution remote sensing satellite data have the characteristics of high spatial resolution,high speed and economy. It can play an important role in the research of mine land occupied and mine environment survey.

关 键 词：遥感 矿山开发 占损土地 矿山环境 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X75