山东沿海潮汐的时空特征分析  

Analysis on the Tidal Spatio-Temporal Characteristics in Shandong Coastal Areas

作　　者：孙维康[1,2] 周兴华 冯义楷[2] 付延光[1,2] SUN Wei-kang;ZHOU Xing-hua;FENG Yi-kai;FU Yan-guang(Geomatics College,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266510,Shandong Province,China;First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学测绘科学与工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋技术学报》2018年第4期68-75,共8页Journal of Ocean Technology

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项资助项目--自主星载高度计海面测高在轨绝对定标关键技术研究(2014DFA2171)

摘　　要：综合利用山东沿海长期验潮站和短期验潮站获取的逐时观测潮位资料,采用最小二乘原理的调和分析方法得到山东沿海验潮站的潮汐调和常数。根据调和常数计算沿岸海域潮汐特征值,分析山东沿海潮汐的时空特征。结果表明:山东沿海潮汐类型以规则半日潮和不规则半日潮为主;山东沿海平均潮差在0.35~3.06 m范围内,平均大潮差、平均小潮差、最大可能潮差与平均潮差变化基本一致;在山东沿海的黄河口及莱州湾附近海域呈现出明显的潮高日不等现象;涨、落潮历时日不等存在区域性分布;平均高潮间隙在1.7~11.7 h之间变化。The hourly tidal level data obtained from the long-term tidal gauge stations and the short-term tidal gauge stations in Shandong coastal areas are used to derive the tidal harmonic constants with the use of the harmonic analysis method of the least square principle. Then the tidal characteristic values are computed according to the tidal harmonic constants, with the spatiotemporal characteristics analyzed. The results show that the tidal type in Shandong coastal areas is regular semidiurnal tides and irregular semidiurnal tides. The mean tidal range is in the range of 0.35 m to 3.06 m in Shandong coastal areas. The mean spring tidal range, mean neap tidal range and maximum possible tidal range are basically the same as the mean tidal range. The tidal height diurnal inequality is evident in the Yellow River Estuary and the Laizhou Bay. There is regional distribution of diurnal inequality of the rising tide time and the ebb tide time. The mean high water interval varies between 1.7 h and 11.7 h.

关 键 词：山东沿海 潮汐类型 潮差 潮汐不等 平均高、低潮间隙 

分 类 号：P229[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]