气候条件与大豆主要产量性状及病虫害发生相关性分析——以宝泉岭管理局为例  

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Yield and Occurrence of Diseases and Pests in Soybean

作　　者：高亚梅[1,2] 韩毅强 王玉阳[3] 郑殿峰 杜吉到[4] Gao Yamei;Han Yiqiang;Wang Yuyang;Zheng Dianfeng;Du Jidao(College of Life Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319;College of Agriculture,Heilongj iang Bayi Agricultural University;Baoquanling Bureau;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-waste in Cold Region)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省寒区环境微生物与农业废弃物资源化利用重点实验室 [3]宝泉岭管理局 [4]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2018年第4期26-31,41,共7页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B04);黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GC12B306);大庆市指导性科技计划项目(ZD-2017-30);黑龙江省寒区环境微生物与农业废弃物资源化利用重点实验室开放课题(201705)

摘　　要：基于宝泉岭管理局2008~2013年的大豆田间实验数据及1983~2013年的逐日气象资料,应用相关分析和通径分析方法,研究了气象因素对大豆产量性状及病虫害的影响。结果显示:实验年份与历年相比,平均气温和有效降雨略有增加、日照时数减小。气象因素与大豆产量性状的相关性分析发现,5月下旬降雨显著影响大豆出苗,6月和9月上旬的有效降雨量与产量显著正相关,7月降雨与大豆单株荚数、单株粒数显著负相关,7月中旬日照时数与单株荚数、单株粒数显著正相关。气象因素与病虫害性状的相关性分析发现,4月中上旬和5月上旬的降雨与虫食率显著正相关,7月上中下旬、8月上旬日照时数和虫食率、细菌性斑点病、灰斑病显著负相关。通径分析发现单株粒数(X_1)、虫食率(X_2)及生育日数(X_3)对大豆产量有显著贡献,对产量的贡献大小为单株粒数>生育日数>虫食率。Effect of meteorological factors on yield traits and occurrence of diseases and pests in soybean were studied by means of correlation analysis method and path analysis based on the field experimental data from 2008 to 2013 and daily meteorological data from 1983 to 2013 in Baoquanling. The results showed that the average temperature and the effective rainfall increased slightly, and sunshine hours reduced in those years compared to previous years. Correlation analysis revealed that the rainfall in late May significantly affected the emergence of soybean, and the effective rainfall in June and early September was significantly and positively correlated with yield, and the rainfall in July was significantly and negatively correlated with pods per plant and seeds per plant, and the sunshine hours in mid-July was positively correlated with pods per plant and seeds per plant. Rainfall in middle April and early May was significantly and positively correlated with the percentage of damaged seeds, and sunshine hours in early, middle, late July and early August were significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of damaged seeds, bacterial blight disease, frogeye leaf spot. Furthermore, path analysis showed that seeds per plant X1, the percentage of damaged seeds X2 and growing period X3 mainly contributed to soybean yield, and the order of the contribution to yield was as follows： seeds per plant 〉growing period〉the percentage of damaged seeds.

关 键 词：大豆产量 日照时数 降雨量 虫食率 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S165[农业科学—农业气象学]