岩溶山区公路路侧土壤重金属垂直分布及生态危害研究  

Study on the vertical distribution and ecological hazard of heavy metals in the highway roadside soil in Karst mountain area

作　　者：梁萍 张浩 王济[1] 段志斌[1] 程星[1] 蔡雄飞[1] LIANG Ping;ZHANG Hao;WANG Ji;DUAN Zhibin;CHENG Xing;CAI Xiongei(School of Geographic and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Environmental Monitoring Station of Gulin County,Uuzhou,Sichuan 646500,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]四川省古蔺县环境监测站,四川泸州646500

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期23-29,35,共8页Journal of Guizhou Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2017]2580);贵州省科学技术基金重点项目(黔科合JZ字[2014]2012)

摘　　要：以公路G60(沪昆高速)、G320(贵黄高速)、S102(贵烟线)贵州安顺西秀区至平坝区段为研究对象,通过对研究区3条公路路侧土壤中6种重金属(Ni、Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb和Cd)在剖面中垂直分布进行分析,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其污染状况及潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明:3条公路土壤重金属在剖面中平均值与车流量呈正相关(S102公路土壤中Pb除外),表明重金属含量受到交通污染影响;3条公路土壤中大部分重金属在剖面中垂直分布变化在0~20 cm耕作层中波动,并从10~15 cm层或15~20 cm层开始,重金属含量逐层降低,不再出现峰值;地累积指数法评价显示,G60公路土壤中Ni、Pb和Cd,及G320公路土壤中Cd在耕作层中为轻微污染(0<I_(geo)≤1),3条公路土壤中其它重金属在剖面中无污染(I_(geo)≤0);重金属潜在生态风险评价显示,G60和G320公路土壤中Cd在耕作层中为中等潜在生态风险(40≤Eir<80),3条公路土壤中其它重金属在剖面中为轻微潜在生态风险(Eir<40)。另外,3条公路土壤重金属在整个剖面综合潜在生态风险为低风险(RI<150)。The highways of G60（ Shanghai-Kunming Expressway）,G320（ Gui Huang Expressway）and S102（ Gui Yan Line）,which belong to the sections from Xixiu to Pingba in Anshun of Guizhou province,are taken for the research objects. The vertical distribution of the 6 kinds of heavy metals（ Ni,Zn,Cu,Cr,Pb and Cd） of the three highways roadside soil section were analyzed by the Origin software,and their pollution status and potential ecological risk were evaluated by the geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that： The mean value of heavy metals in the soil of three highways was positively correlated with vehicle flow in the section except Pb in the soil of S102 highway,indicating that these heavy metals were affected by traffic pollution; The vertical distribution of most heavy metals in soil of the three highways were changes in 0 20 cm,their content were reduce from 10 15 cm or 15 20 cm layer gradually; According to the geoaccumulation index to evaluate Ni,Pb and Cd of the G60 highway,and Cd in soil of G320 highway in the tillage layer are slightly pollution（ 0 〈 Igeo≤1）,while the rest of the heavy metals in soil of three highways are unpolluted（ Igeo≤0）; The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the tillage layer are secondary（ 40≤Eir〈 80）,including Cd in soil of the G60 highway and G320 highway. As for the rest of the heavy metals in soil of the three highways,they were of slight potential ecological risk（ Eir〈 40）. However,the comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil of three highways is low（ RI 〈 150）in the whole section.

关 键 词：岩溶山区 公路 重金属 垂直分布 生态危害 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学] P632.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]