费孝通是怎样把社会和文化当作一个整体的?——费孝通教授晚年思想脉络  

How Professor Fei Xiaotong Deems Society and Culture as One Entity: Professor Fei Xiaotong's Threads of Thought in Late Years

作　　者：丁元竹[1] DING Yuanzhu(Department of Decision Making Consultation,Chinese Academy of Governance,Beijing 100089)

机构地区：[1]国家行政学院决策咨询部,北京100089

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2018年第3期130-136,共7页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：在社会人类学家费孝通的思想中,社会和文化是互为一体的。纵观费孝通一生的学术活动,贯穿于他的全部论著和学术活动中的两条主线是社会和文化,这就是,他从20世纪30年代初期解决"中国农村的基本问题"的初心中引申出来的对中国社会发展的探索,并将这种探索贯穿于他的一生;从"中华民族文化变异"的思考,到形成"中华民族多元一体格局"的思想,以及在此基础上形成的"各美其美、美人之美、美美与共、天下大同"的至理名言;从"江村经济"到"志在富民"的学术实践,可以将其视为费孝通学术思想的两条基本主线。费孝通之所以能够把社会与文化融为一体,就在于他不是从学科建设来考量社会和文化,也不是从部门工作考虑这个问题,而是从解决现实问题出发。这样,无论从思路上,还是方法上,视野都将宽阔得多。In the mind of social anthropologist Fei Xiaotong,society and culture is one entity. Survey of Fei Xiaotong＇s lifetime academic activities indicates that there are two major threads of society and culture penetrating all his works and academic activities. I.e.,he extends his original aspiration in early 1930 s of solving ＂basic problems in rural China＂to the life time exploration of social development in China; his mind evolves from the thinking of＂cultural differentiation of the Chinese nation＂to the thought of ＂diverse integration structure of the Chinese nation,＂and on which basis forms the maxim ＂each appreciates his own beauty,appreciates others＇ beauty,beauty abreast with beauty,and the whole world harmonizes; ＂from ＂Jiangcun economy＂to the academic practice ＂to enrich the people,＂they can be regarded as two basic threads of Fei Xiaotong＇s academic thought. The reason for which Fei Xiaotong is able to integrate society with culture is that he considers society and culture from the perspective of neither disciplinary construction nor departmental work,but solving actual problems. Therefore,the vision becomes much wider both mentally and methodologically.

关 键 词：费孝通 社会和文化 “志在富民” 社会观 文化观 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]