超声波高频旋冲钻井技术破岩机理研究  

The Rock Breaking Mechanism of Ultrasonic High Frequency Rotary-Percussive Drilling Technology

作　　者：黄家根 汪海阁 纪国栋 赵飞 明瑞卿 郝亚龙[1,2] HUANG Jiagen;WANG Haige;JI Guodong;ZHAO Fei;MING Ruiqing;HAO Yalong(CNPC Engineering Technology R＆D Company Limited,Beijing,102206,China;Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司,北京102206 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《石油钻探技术》2018年第4期23-29,共7页Petroleum Drilling Techniques

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团公司科学研究与技术开发项目"高研磨地层高效破岩新技术新方法新材料"(编号:2016A-3902)资助

摘　　要：采用传统钻井技术钻进深部硬地层时机械钻速低,严重影响了深层和超深层油气的勘探开发进程,因此,将超声波破岩技术和传统旋转破岩技术相结合,提出了超声波高频旋冲破岩钻井技术,设计了可实现超声波高频旋冲钻井的超声波振动短节。基于岩石力学理论,分析了超声波高频旋冲破岩机理,并建立了高频冲击钻进模型。通过对高频冲击钻进数学模型进行无因次化数值分析,研究了高频冲击钻进的3个阶段,详细分析了钻压、频率和振幅对破岩效率的影响规律。研究发现:随着钻压和振幅增大,破岩效率随之提高;存在最优振动频率,在此振动频率下破岩效率最高。研究表明,超声波高频旋冲破岩钻井技术通过加快硬岩石疲劳损伤、减少钻头粘滑振动及合理利用共振能量3种方式提高深部硬地层的机械钻速。The ROP of the traditional drilling in deep hard formations is very low,which seriously affects the process of exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep oilfields. To solve this problem,ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling technology was proposed,and the ultrasonic vibration pup joint for realizing the ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling was designed by combining the ultrasonic rock breaking technology with the traditional rotary rock breaking technology. Employing geomechanical theories,the rock breaking mechanism of ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling was analyzed and a high frequency percussive drilling model was established. Through dimensionless numerical analysis of the high-frequency percussive drilling mathematical model,the three stages of high-frequency percussive drilling were studied,and the influence of key parameters,including weight on bit,frequency and amplitude,on rock breaking efficiency were analyzed in detail. It was observed that the rock breaking efficiency increased as the weight on bit and amplitude increased,and there was an optimal vibration frequency,resulting in the highest rock breaking efficiency. The results showed that the ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling technology improved the ROP in deep hard formations by accelerating the fatigue breakdown of hard rocks,reducing the bit stick-slip vibrations and reasonably utilizing resonance energy.

关 键 词：硬地层 超声波破岩 振动短节 冲击钻进 钻进模型 破岩机理 机械钻速 

分 类 号：TE242[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]