根系分布形式和土壤质地对作物蒸腾量影响的模拟研究  

Simulation study on effects of root length distribution and soil texture on crop transpiration

作　　者：谭敏 余永富 胡正峰[2] 张科锋[3] TAN Min;YU Yongfu;HU Zhengfeng;ZHANG Kefeng(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Design and Re search Institute of Environmental Protection Sciences of Zhejiang Provirwe,Hangzhou 310007,China;Ningbo lnsti tute of Technology,Zhejiang University,Ningbo 315100,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院,浙江杭州310007 [3]浙江大学宁波理工学院,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2018年第8期1382-1388,共7页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51379187);浙江省自然科学基金(LY17E090001);宁波市农业公关和富民计划(2014C10014;2016C10057)

摘　　要：根系吸水是土壤-作物系统水动力学的关键过程,作物根系的分布形式对蒸腾量的影响极大。基于数值模拟的方法对在黏壤土和砂壤土条件4种根系分布形式、不同潜在日蒸腾量条件下的土壤水分和蒸腾量进行系统研究。结果表明:对于根长30 cm的情况,在作物蒸腾过程中,根区深度范围内的土壤含水量变化明显,40 cm以下土层的水分基本不能被根系吸收利用。植物根系分布越均匀,越有利于根前期吸水,但后期吸水困难。砂壤土比黏壤土含水量的变化更快,且根区附近的土壤水分较黏壤土更易被植物根系吸收。Root water uptake is a key process in the water dynamics of the soil-crop system,and the root length distribution has a great impact on water uptake. In this study,a numerical investigation was carried out into the effects of root distributions in clay loam and sandy loam soils on soil water content distribution and root water uptake under two potential transpiration rates. It was shown that for a given rooting depth of 30 cm,the variation of soil water content in the root zone was significant during the process of transpiration,and the contribution of soil water below the40 cm depth was ignorable to transpiration. A uniform distribution of root length was helpful for water uptake during the early phrase of transpiration,but encountered difficulty at later stages. The variation pace of soil water content was faster in the sandy loam soil than that in the clay loam soil,and it was easier for roots in the sandy loam soil to capture water in the vicinity of the root zone area.

关 键 词：蒸腾量 土壤含水量 根系吸水 根系分布 农业用水管理 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]