女子短距离速滑运动员腿部肌力冰陆转化与平衡研究  

Study on the Ice and Land Conversion and the Balance of the Female Short Distance Speed Skating Athletes' Leg Muscle Strength and the Enlightenments

作　　者：吴新炎 陈月亮 李芙蓉 WU Xinyan;CHEN Yueliang;LI Furong(H ubei Polytechnic University,Huangshi,Hubei 435000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北理工学院体育部,湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2018年第4期366-370,共5页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运攻关课题(2016HT128)

摘　　要：采用等速肌力测试评估技术,采集运动员不同状态、不同速率下的腿部做功参数,分析女子短距离速度滑冰运动员腿部力量冰陆转化率和平衡性,探究我国女子短距离速滑运动员腿部力量发展不均衡的问题。结果发现:1)我国女子短距离速滑重点队员腿部力量转化率在75%左右,5 cm/s慢速运动时左腿冰陆转化率明显高于右腿、效率更高,50 cm/s快速运动时右腿伸展肌群转化率明显高于屈曲肌群转化率;2)我国女子短距离速滑重点队员不带刀5 cm/s慢速运动和带刀50 cm/s快速运动时两腿力量呈显著性差异,但差异在10%以内;3)5 cm/s慢速运动时,带刀与不带刀2种状态下腿部肌肉做离心运动和向心运动时的力量差异都在10%以内。结论:在实践中增加关节稳定性练习和改进陆上辅助练习方式效果显著,我国女子短距离速滑重点队员腿部力量冰陆转化率较理想,但右腿关节稳定性和离心肌群力量仍需加强;左右腿力量处于功能性平衡状态;股四头肌与腘绳肌在慢速最大力量时处于失衡状态,可能会影响滑跑重心转移阶段身体姿势平衡。By using the isokinetic muscle strength test evaluation techniques, this paper collected the parameters of the athletes leg work when they were skating in different states and at different rates, analyzed the ice and land conversion rate and the balance of the female short-distance speed skating athletes ’ leg muscle strength, explored the problem of unbalanced development of leg strength of the female short-distance speed skating athletes . The results showed that 1） The conversion rate of the important female short-distance speed skating athletes？ leg power was about 75%, when they slowly skated at a speed of 5 cm/ s, the ice and land conversion rate of their left leg muscle strength was obviously higher than their right leg ’ ,when they rapidly skated at a speed of 50 cm/ s, the conversion rate of their right leg stretch muscle group was obviously higher than that of flexing muscle group; 2 ）The strength of the legs was significantly different when the important female short-distance speed skating athletes slowly skated at a speed of 5 cm/s without ice skating blade than they rapidly skated at a speed of 50 cm/s with ice skating blade, but the difference was in less than 10% ; 3）Whether the athletes slowly skated at a speed of 5 cm/s with ice skating blade or without ice skating blade, their leg muscles in the centrifugal movement and centripetal movement of the power difference was within 10%.Conclusion： 1） The effect of increasing the athletes’ joint stability exercises and improving the land-based assisted# practice# in# practice# training# was# significant,# the# ice-land# conversion# rate# of# the# important# female# short-distance speed skating athletes ’ leg muscle strength was ideal, but the stability of their right leg joint and centrifugal muscle strength still need to be strengthened; 2） The muscle strength of the athlete＇s left leg and right leg were in

关 键 词：短距离速滑 腿部肌力 冰陆转化率 力量平衡 实践训练 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]