新型自动气象站传感器工作原理及测试方法研究  

Research on the Working Principle and Test Method of the Sensors in New Type of Automatic Weather Station

作　　者：宋中玲 张静[2] SONG Zhongling;ZHANG Jing(Zibo Meteorological Bureau,Zibo 255048,China;Gaoqing Meteorological Bureau,Gaoqing 256300,China)

机构地区：[1]淄博市气象局,山东淄博255048 [2]高青县气象局,山东高青256300

出　　处：《自动化仪表》2018年第7期78-81,共4页Process Automation Instrumentation

摘　　要：我国国家级地面气象观测站已实现绝大多数气象要素的自动化观测。目前运行的观测系统由不同传感器组成。各传感器测量原理及测试方法各异。针对这一情况,简要介绍了自动化气象观测系统的组成结构,总结了新型自动气象站中,铂电阻温度传感器、湿敏电容湿度传感器、风向传感器、三杯式风速传感器、单硅晶膜盒电容气压传感器、超声波蒸发传感器这6类传感器的工作原理。分别采用测量电阻、电容、频率、电压、电流、读取格雷码等方式,对传感器的测试过程进行分析,给出了传感器的测试方法和测试流程,并根据实际工作经验提出了行之有效的建议。这些建议对于新型自动站观测设备安装、使用、维护维修具有较强的实用性,为台站业务人员掌握和提升新型观测设备维护维修技术提供了参考。In our country,most of the meteorological elements have been automatically observed in national surface weather station. At present,the observation system consists of different sensors and their measuring principles and testing methods are different. In view of this situation,the composition structure of automatic meteorological observation system is introduced briefly,and the working principles and test methods of six kinds of sensors applied in new type of automatic weather station are summarized,including Pt resistance temperature sensor,humidity sensitive capacitance humidity sensor,wind direction sensor,three-cup wind speed sensor,single silicon diaphragm barometric pressure capacitance sensor and ultrasonic evaporation sensor.By measuring resistance,capacitance,frequency,voltage,current,and reading Gray code etc.,the testing processes of the sensors are analyzed; and the testing methods and the testing processes are given. Effective suggestions are put forward based on practical working experience,which are of great practicability for installation,operation and maintenance of new automatic observation equipment,and valuable reference for personnel in observatories to master new technologies.

关 键 词：新型自动气象站 传感器 万用表 现场总线 远程监控 

分 类 号：TH39[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TP27[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]