白腐真菌与嗜热性侧孢霉复配对棉花秸秆降解的影响  

Influence of compound white rot fungi and Sporotrichum thermophile on cotton straw degradation

作　　者：王益[1] 李春越 韩雅娇 杨宝和[3] 马多[3] 贾宏涛[3] WANG Yi;LI Chunyue;HAN Yajiao;YANG Baohe;MA Duo;JIA Hongtao(Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi＇an 710061,China;School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi＇an 710119,China;College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所,西安710061 [2]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119 [3]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2018年第3期273-281,共9页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671269;41501255);中国科学院"西部之光"项目;中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(GK201603073);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800500)~~

摘　　要：为了解决农业固体废弃物棉花秸秆还田后的快速降解问题,本研究以棉花秸秆在白腐真菌和噬热性侧孢霉复配下的微生物降解为研究内容,通过对白腐真菌和噬热性侧孢霉拮抗试验、白腐真菌和噬热性侧孢霉复配对棉花秸秆降解的最优条件组合筛选试验、白腐真菌与噬热性侧孢霉复配在田间降解秸秆的系列研究进行分析,结果表明:(1)白腐真菌和噬热性侧孢霉两种菌株共存时不相互抑制菌丝生长,菌株之间不发生拮抗反应,可以对两种菌株进行复配形成棉花秸秆降解菌群;(2)根据L9(34)正交试验结果,综合考虑温度、氮添加量、菌种类型和料水比这四种因素对棉花秸秆中木质素、纤维素和酸性洗涤纤维的降解效果,室内降解棉花秸秆在最优组合条件温度45℃、氮添加量3%、料水比1/2,复合菌群下的效果最好;(3)田间降解试验进一步验证了室内降解实验结果的可靠性,在冬季低温和降雪等情况下,为期50 d的田间试验中复配菌组对棉花秸秆降解率达到29.93%。后续实验需要在考虑实际土壤磷素含量情况下,确定适合于棉花秸秆降解的磷素补充量来促进棉花秸秆在田间快速降解。本研究对农业固体废弃物棉花秸秆在田间的快速降解提供了一种有效的方法,具有很好的实践意义。Background, aim, and scope Straw is the mature crop stems and leaves（ear）, usually refers to cotton, wheat, corn, rice and other crops remaining after harvest seeds. Straw is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter for more than 50% photosynthetic products exist in it. If these agricultural solid wastes can not be effectively used and processed, it will not only lead to waste of resources, but also cause environmental pollution and other issues. China is the world＇s largest cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.） production country. Cotton acreage, cotton yield and cotton output are ranked first in the world, cotton production accounts for about 1/4 of the world＇s total output. Cotton straw returning to the field is still the main treatment method, but the cotton straw returned to the field could not be degraded quickly, which seriously affected the sowing and seedling emergence of cotton in the following year. How to deal with and quickly break down the cotton straw into the field has become an urgent problem to be solved. Based on previous research work, an antagonism test is used to test the possibility of culture compound between white rot fungi and Sporotrichum thermophile; then the optimal condition for compound inoculants degradation of cotton straw was selected by orthogonal pot experiment; and finally the effect of compound microorganism based on orthogonal experiment results was verified in a field test. Materials and methods The operation method of antagonism test is as following： the two strains were all picked a small colony in PDA culture medium plate, inoculated around 3 cm distance of the center point, cultured 5 d at 30℃, carefully observe the strains are mutually inhibited mycelial growth and spore formation and colony growth. When two strains of white rot fungi and Sporotrichum thermophile not mutually inhibit the mycelium growth, there was no antagonistic reaction between the strains. If the inoculated strains were separated and there was a clear gap between the two st

关 键 词：白腐真菌 嗜热性侧孢霉 降解 棉花秸秆 农业固体废弃物 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X712