压电陶瓷驱动的解锁分离机构研究  

Research on Unlocking Separable Structure Based on Piezoceramic

作　　者：王雪峰[1] WANG Xue-feng(Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College,Qiqihar University,Heilongjiang Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学机电工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2018年第7期236-239,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61036015)

摘　　要：为了满足空间载荷在发射阶段恶劣的动力学特性要求,同时具有良好的低冲击响应特性,设计了一种压电陶瓷驱动的解锁分离机构,以压电陶瓷在高频电流下输出的交变载荷作为驱动力,利用预应力螺栓在交变载荷下的加速疲劳断裂为原理,从而实现该解锁分离机构的可靠解锁分离;然后建立该解锁分离机构的接触有限元模型,静力学分析表明,结构的刚度好,三个方向的一阶模态都大于100Hz,轴向拉伸载荷分析表明,结构的最大应力远小于材料的屈服强度极限,其安全裕度较高;最后完成了结构的力学试验验证,试验表明,该解锁分离机构的的一阶模态与分析结果吻合性好,振动前后的一阶模态的漂移小于3%,能够满足发射段的力学特性要求;压电陶瓷和火工品两种工况下的分离冲击特性表明,基于压电陶瓷驱动的解锁分离机构在分离过程中的冲击响应(338g)相对于火工品驱动的解锁分离机构冲击响应(4867g)大大降低。In order to meet the harsh requirements during the space load launch phase,and to have a good low-impact response characteristics,we design an unlock separation mechanism actuated by piezoelectric ceramics,achieve reliable separation of the unlock separation mechanism taking the alternating load generated by the high-frequency vibration as a driving force,using the principle of pre-stressed bolt accelerated fatigue fracture under alternating loads;And then establish contact finite element model of the unlock separation mechanism,static analysis shows that the structure is stiff and the firstorder mode of three directions are greater than 100 Hz,the axial tensile load analysis shows that the maximum stress in the structure is much less than the yield strength of the material and has a high margin of safety;finally complete mechanical verification,test showed modal analysis results are consistent with the vibration test results,and the first-order mode shift is less than 3% before and after test,so it can meet the requirements of mechanical property during the launch phase,paragraph unlocking the separation mechanism,contrastive analysis of impact effect between the two conditions of piezoelectric ceramics and pyrotechnic indicated that During the separation process,impact effect based on piezoelectric actuators of the unlock separation mechanism is greatly reduced with respect to the impact effect of separation mechanism driven by pyrotechnic from 4867 g to 338 g.

关 键 词：压电陶瓷 冲击响应 解锁分离机构 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TP73[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]