从临沂方言看汉语方言资源保护与服务  

On Chinese Dialect Protection and Service: Insights from Linyi Dialect

作　　者：邵燕梅[1,2] SHAO Yan-mei(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shandong Normal University,Jinan Shandong 250014,China;Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing100871,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014 [2]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《临沂大学学报》2018年第4期22-32,共11页Journal of Linyi University

基　　金：中国语言资源保护工程专项任务之山东汉语方言调查.临沂项目(YB1520A008)

摘　　要：中国语言资源有声数据库以及以此为基础的语言资源保护工程工作的开展,能够唤醒方言保护意识并能养成保护方言之自觉。我们以临沂方言为窗口观察方言的变化,仅就部分语音变化而言,如中古入声的今调类、中古知庄章的今声母、尖团音、果摄一等见系开合口的今韵母等方面皆发生了较大乃至系统性变化。从变化的内容、幅度和程度而言,方言变化呈现出新老异读现象严重、方言变化分布不平衡两大特点。方言变化分布的不均衡具体表现为地理区域、社会领域两大因素的不平衡。方言资源亟待保护,具体工作有二:方言资源保护与传承、地域文化资源保护与传承。语言资源的完备运行是语言服务的基础,而语言资源的保护能够更好地保障语言资源的完备运行及在运行中更好地服务于使用者。依据内容与深广度,方言服务包括宏观和具体两种。宏观服务主要指地方政府有保证公民有学习和使用母语方言的权利,并享有获得母语方言服务的权利;具体任务包括方言数据库和文化资源库的建设。方言资源保护需要处理好三种关系,一是方言与普通话之间的关系,二是方言与社会经济发展的关系,三是方言与地方文化传承之间的关系。平衡好这三种关系,我们才可以让方言放缓一下变化的脚步,按照正常的步伐行进,使语言和文化奏出更为和谐的旋律。唯有如此,方言资源则能够很好地服务于社会。With the Chinese Language Resources Audio Database and the protection of the language resources launched, the awareness of dialect protection can be aroused and hence be fostered into self-consciousness. The evolution of Linyi dialect provides some insights into the change of dialects. Compared with that in ancient times, there have been great changes taken place in today＇s dialect, which can be perceived in the pronunciations of some vowels, some even in a systematic way. These changes,in terms of contents, range and extent, are unbalanced in their distribution, specifically, in geographic areas and social fields. In view of this, the protection of dialect resources seems urgent and two jobs are to be done： one is the protection and heritage of dialect resources and the other is the protection and heritage of regional cultural resources. The language resource in complete operation is the basis of language service, and its protection is a guarantee for the complete operation and for better service to the language users. Dialectical services, in terms of its contents and scope, fall into two ways. From the macro perspective, the local government is responsible for implementing national language policy, guaranteeing the right of residents to learn and use native dialect and the right to enjoy service in native dialect. Specifically, the task involves setting up databases of the dialect and the cultural resources. Three pairs of relationship should be well handled in the protection of dialect resources, namely the relationship between dialect and mandarin, the relationship between dialect and social and economical development, and that between dialect and local cultural heritage. The balanced relationship can make the dialect slow down in its changes to a normal rate and thus have the language coexist with culture in a harmonious way. Only in this way can the dialect resources be made to better serve the society.

关 键 词：语保工程 方言变化 方言资源保护 方言服务 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]