单篇论著的引文扩散  

The Diffusion of Citations for Individual Publications

作　　者：闵超[1,2] Ying Ding 李江 孙建军[1] Min Chao;Ding Ying;Li Jiang;Sun Jianjun(School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023;School of Informatics,Computing ＆ Engineering,Indiana University,Bloomington 47408;School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027)

机构地区：[1]南京大学信息管理学院,南京210023 [2]美国印第安纳大学布鲁明顿分校,布鲁明顿47408 [3]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310027

出　　处：《情报学报》2018年第4期341-350,共10页Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"融合范式视角下的链接分析理论集成框架及其实证研究"(71273125)

摘　　要：引文是连接科学知识的重要线索,为我们提供了理解知识产生、交流、转化乃至创新规律的金钥匙。引文不只是静态的统计分布,同时也是处于复杂科学系统中的动态增长过程。本文将引文理解为一种扩散过程,从多个维度重新审视引文扩散过程及其基本要素、量化方式与增长机理。引文扩散体系中至少包含以下要素:时间环境、首次被引、引文高峰、最终引文数量、引文累积速度、引文生命周期、文献网络/生态系统,以及引文起飞。引文在微观结构上以引文级联为基本单元,从引文感染性与引文流行性两个维度进行扩散,有广播型与感染型两种典型扩散方式。引文扩散模式的巨大差异性源于其内在机理的作用,对于优先连接机制、老化机制与适应性机制以及创新机制与模仿机制的认识与进一步探索,将有助于对引文扩散进程的理解。对引文扩散的探讨对于科研评估、科学预测、科技政策制定等科技活动具有潜在价值。Citation is an important connection that links scientific knowledge, providing us with a key to understanding the acquisition, communication, transformation, and innovation of knowledge. Citations are not only static statistic distributions, but also dynamic growth processes in the complex system of modern scientific communication. Considering citation as a diffusion process, this paper reconsiders the essential elements, quantification metrics, and growth mechanisms of this process from multiple approaches. The citation diffusion system involves at least these elements： time environment, time of first citation, citation peak, total citation counts, citation rate, citation lifecycle, literature network/ecosystem, and citation ＂takeoff＂. As a diffusion unit on the micro scale, citation cascade evolves from the two dimensions of cascade virality and cascade popularity, exhibiting two typical patterns of broadcast diffusion and viral diffusion. The huge diversity of diffusion patterns stems from the underlying mechanisms that govern citation diffusion, which may include preferential attachment, aging, fitness, as well as innovation and imitation mechanisms. Further exploration of citation diffusion and its mechanisms will not only enhance our understanding of this process, but also help reveal its potential value in such scientific activities as research evaluation, scientific prediction, and scientific policy-making.

关 键 词：引文的扩散 扩散要素 扩散结构 扩散机理 

分 类 号：G353.1[文化科学—情报学]