黄河下游治河工程空间分布的统计特征  

Spatial Distribution of the Water Conservancy Projects in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：张燕青 李振山[1] 程舒鹏 薛安[1] 赵志杰 张红武[2] ZHANG Yanqing;LI Zhenshan;CHENG Shupeng;XUE An;ZHAO Zhijie;ZHANG Hongwu(Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of MOE,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]清华大学水利水电工程系水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《人民黄河》2018年第7期27-32,41,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402505)

摘　　要：基于实地考察和遥感影像解译,借助Arc GIS软件提取黄河下游两岸大堤之间的中心线作为坐标横轴,垂直于中心线的水平方向为坐标纵轴,并以小浪底水库出库闸为坐标原点,建立了黄河下游空间位置相对坐标系。以此为基础,对黄河下游堤防、险工和控导工程等典型水利工程的现状及空间分布进行了统计分析。结果表明:黄河下游大堤堤距变化以艾山为界分为上、下两段,上段(小浪底水库—艾山)平均堤距为7.46 km,堤距变化存在内包线;下段(艾山—入海口)平均堤距为2.70 km,存在次一级的窄堤距点(曹家圈0.55 km和利津0.67 km)。险工数量随着时间变化呈现双峰分布的特点,控导工程数量则为单峰分布;在整个黄河下游沿河方向上平均每千米分布0.27个控导(险工)工程,从形态上可以分为单弯型、双弯型、多弯型和直线型四类,弯曲度均分布在0.3~1.0之间;控导工程与河流的平均接触率为67%,险工与河流的平均接触率为56%。In order to setup a space coordinate system the central line between the two levees of the Lower Yellow River was extracted as thehorizontal axis by ArcGIS based on the investigation and interpretation of remote sensing images in the research area. We used the line perpendicular to the center line as the longitudinal axis and the outlet gate of Xiaolangdi Reservoir as the coordinate origin. We had made statistical analysis about the status quo and the spatial distribution of typical water conservancy projects in the lower Yellow River based on the space coordinate system. The results show that the variation of the distance between the two levees in the lower Yellow River is piecewise. One is from Xiaolangdi Reservoir to Aishan and another one is from Aishan to the estuary of the Yellow River. The average distance between levees is 7. 46 km in the former section and there also exists inner cladding line in this section. The average distance between levees of the latter is 2. 70 km, and exists extremely narrow levee distance （0. 55 km and 0. 67 km）. The changes in the number of vulnerable spots show the characteristics of bimodal distribution and the control works is the single peak distribution. The average number of the engineering is 0. 27 per kilometer along the Yellow River downstream and the form of the engineering can be divided into four types such as single curved, double curved, multiple curved and straight. The bending degree of the engineering is distributed between 0. 3-1. 0 The average contact ratio of control works is 67% and the average contact ratio of vulnerable spots is 56% in the Lower Yellow River.

关 键 词：堤防 险工 控导工程 统计特征 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV211.3[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV882.1