“关键少数”治理的历史经验：西南地区土司例证  

HISTORIC EXPERENCE OF THE GOVERNANCE THROUGH THE KEY MINORITY ELITES:CASES IN POINT OF TUSI IN SOUNTHWESTERN REGION

作　　者：彭福荣[1,2] Peng Furong

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院 [2]长江师范学院乌江流域社会经济文化研究中心

出　　处：《广西民族研究》2018年第3期96-103,共8页GUANGXI ETHNIC STUDIES

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“乌江流域历代土司的国家认同研究”(10XMZ013)

摘　　要：元明清朝通过土司制度整合王朝国家,各族土司成为对我国西南等民族地区和各族土民具有重要影响的"关键少数",国家治理的历史经验如下:一是国家强调王朝权威,强化边疆民族首领的国家观念,使其心向"王化",看齐中央;二是国家强化王权对土司职衔承袭、军事征调、问治教化和朝贡纳赋等国家义务的干预,关其权力进"笼子里";三是元明清朝建构土司的国家认同,奖擢忠顺尽职的土司,惩治违制悖逆的土司;四是元明清强化边疆民族地区的国家统治,保障土司统治权益。因此,研究元明清朝治理西南等地作为"关键少数"的各族土司,能为从严治党和强化国家治理提供历史镜鉴。By the integration of the dynasty-state through the Tusi system by leaders of YuanMing and Qing dynasties Tusi of various ethnic minorities became the key elites that exerted greatinfluences over the southwestern region and local people. Some of the historic experiences of stategovernance included the following aspects firstly emphasis were put on the authorities of dynastiesstrengthening the concept of nation for leaders of ethnic minority groups in frontier areas in order tomake them normalized by the kingship and alignment with the central government Secondly fortify-ing interference by the kingship in the inheritance of Tusi military requisition evaluation of moral-ization and national duties like tribute presentation to the state and caging their power. Thirdlyconstructing national identity of Tusi by Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties awarding the obedientand responsible local officials and punishing the disobedient and illegal officials Fourthlystrengthening governance over the ethnic minority groups in frontier areas and safeguarding theirpower and interests of Tusi under their rules. In this way the study on the Tusi of various ethnicminorities the key elites in the governance of southwestern region by the authorities of Yuan Mingand Qing dynasties can provide a references in the move to strengthen Party self-discipline andstate governance.

关 键 词：“关键少数” 元明清 土司 治理 

分 类 号：D691.72[政治法律—政治学]