青藏铁路西宁—格尔木段铁路防护林防风效果风洞模拟试验研究  

Wind Tunnel Simulation Experiment of Windbreak Effects of Shelterbelt along Xining-Golmud Section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

作　　者：周琪智 赵洋 高广磊 张英 陈宇轩 ZHOU Qi-zhi(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083 [2]宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,宁夏盐池751500

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2018年第5期35-36,55,63,共4页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费资助项目"青藏铁路沿线沙害综合防治技术研发与示范"(201504401)

摘　　要：青藏铁路西宁—格尔木段受风沙灾害严重威胁,为科学评价和系统优化铁路防护林配置模式,基于野外调查,开展新疆杨、柽柳防护林防风效果风洞模拟试验研究。结果表明:林带后风速降低幅度及有效防护距离随着林带数目的增加而增长。不同配置防护林的防风效能在林带后5~15 m范围内差别显著,且林带数越多,防风效能越高,20 m后防风效能趋于一致。若防护目标与林带相距超过20 m,则选择6行1带的防护林配置;若防护目标与林带间距15~20 m,则选择8行1带的防护林配置;若防护目标与林带间距在15 m以内,则选择10行1带的防护林配置。The aeolian sand disasters have posed serious threats to the Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet railway since it was built. To construct the scientific and effective shelterbelts against wind-sand disasters, wind tunnel simulation experiment for the wind-break effects of different types of the shelterbelts such as Xinjiang poplar and Chinese Tamarisk was carried out in this paper. The results showed that the wind speed reducing amplitude and the effective protection distance behind the shelterbelts increased as the number of shelterbelts increasing. What’s more, the wind-break effects of different shelterbelts varied remarkably 5～15 m behind the shelterbelts. The more shelterbelts, the better windbreak effects they had. The wind-break effects tended to be the same 20 m behind the shelterbelts. If the protective targets were more than 20 m with the shelterbelts, the belt with 6 rows of trees should be chosen. If the distance was between 15 and 20 m,the belt with 8 rows should be selected. If the distance was within 15 m, the shelterbelt with 10 rows should be used.

关 键 词：铁路防护林 风洞模拟 流场特征 防风效能 

分 类 号：U216.413[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]