日本避难行动需要支援者的灾前支援对策及启示  

The countermeasures and Inspiration of pre disaster assistance for People Requiring Disaster Evacuation Assistance in Japan

作　　者：金英淑[1,2,3] Jin Yingshu1,2,3(1. Research Center of Safety and Emergency Management,Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo , China, 454000 ;2. Emergency Management School ,Henan Poly technic University, Jiaozuo , China, 454000 ;3. International Research Institute of Disaster Science （IRIDES）, Tohoku University,Sendai, Japan ,980 - 8572)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学安全与应急管理研究中心,河南焦作454000 [2]河南理工大学应急管理学院,河南焦作454000 [3]日本东北大学灾害科学国际研究所

出　　处：《焦作师范高等专科学校学报》2018年第2期44-49,共6页Journal of Jiaozuo Teachers College

基　　金：国家留学基金资助"日本灾害时需要援助者支援对策研究"(留金发[2017]3192号);河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究一般项目"善治视阈下的灾害弱势群体权益保障机制研究"(2017-ZZJH-194);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"地震应急避难场所灾时高效运营的瓶颈;影响及其消减策略"(14YJCZH115);河南省政府决策研究招标课题"政府治理创新视域下重大突发事件跨市域应急协同治理模式研究"(2016B291)等资助

摘　　要：日本早在20世纪80年代末开始重视灾害弱势群体,尤其是应对1995年的阪神大地震、2011年的东日本大地震等大规模灾害实践中,关注对象从"灾害弱者"到"灾害时需要援助者",再到"避难行动需要支援者",并以2013年修改《灾害对策基本法》为契机,建立一系列"避难行动需要支援者"灾前支援策略。日本的针对避难行动需要支援者的灾前支援对策及经验,对中国灾害弱势群体日常培训、灾难救助及灾后处置具有一定的参考及借鉴价值。In the field of disaster prevention,Japan began to attach importance to the disadvantaged groups at the end of the 1980 s. based on the experience of Great Hanshin earthquake and East Japan earthquake,Japan has accumulated a great number of lessons,the objective has changed from the ＂the weakness people of the disaster＂to＂People Requiring Assistance during a Disaster＂,then to＂People Requiring Disaster Evacuation Assistance＂,Japan amended the＂the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act＂as an opportunity to establish a series of actions to support pre-disaster evacuation measures. China has not attached the importance to the need for supporting the asylum,and the lessons of Japan have a certain reference value.

关 键 词：日本 避难行动需要支援者 对策 启示 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]