系统工程视野下的再生水饮用回用安全保障体系构建  

Building the Security Guarantee System for Water Potable Reuse in the Vision of Systematic Engineering

作　　者：胡洪营 杜烨 吴乾元 陈卓 杨宏伟 陆韻 李魁晓[4] HU Hongying;DU Ye;WU Qianyuan;CHEN Zhuo;YANG Hongwei;LU Yun;LI Kuixiao(Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control（SMARC）,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute,Shenzhen 518055,China;Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen,Graduate School at Shenzhen,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,China;Research and Development Center,Beijing Drainage Group Company Limited,Beijing 100022,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084 [2]清华-伯克利深圳学院深圳环境科学与新能源技术工程实验室,广东深圳518055 [3]清华大学深圳研究生院国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [4]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司科技研发中心,北京100022

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2018年第7期1163-1173,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.51738005)~~

摘　　要：再生水是就地可取、稳定可靠的城市第二水源.再生水饮用回用(补充水源)技术经济性可行,是解决城市缺水问题的重要途径和构建可持续水循环系统的重要组成部分.作为具有复杂系统特征的非传统供水工程,再生水饮用回用的关键是保障水质安全稳定和系统可靠高效运行,因此需要构建包括水质安全管理、健康风险评价和多重屏障工程措施在内的安全保障体系.水质安全管理方面需建设包括制订科学的饮用回用水质标准和再生水处理工艺要求,建立针对再生水处理工艺和饮用回用全系统的危害分析关键控制点管理(HACCP)体系,并加强水质安全监管和认证.健康风险评价方面需开展全方位、统筹性和持续性的化学污染物和微生物风险评价方法.工程措施方面需建设包括源头控制、再生水厂净化、环境缓冲和饮用水厂净化在内的多重屏障系统,以确保水质安全.在多重屏障系统中,再生水厂是保障饮用回用水质安全的核心环节,"反渗透-高级氧化"和"臭氧-生物活性炭"是再生水处理的可行工艺.今后需深入、持续开展新兴高风险污染物控制技术、再生水环境储存和饮用回用模式等方面的研究.Reclaimed water is considered to be a stable and easily accessible nontraditional water source in urban areas. Potable reuse of reclaimed water is technologically and economically feasible,making it an important approach to relieve water shortage problem and the key part of sustainable water recycling system in a city. As an unconventional water supply project with the characteristics of complex system,the core goals of potable reuse are to guarantee the security and stability of water quality and to achieve high reliability and efficiency of the system. Therefore,it is necessary to build a security guarantee system for water quality,including water safety management,health risk assessment and multiple-barrier system. Water safety management requires to issue the scientific criteria for water quality and wastewater treatment processes,to build the hazard analysis critical control point system of wastewater treatment and potablereuse system,and to enhance the supervision and authentication of water safety. Health risk assessment needs a holistic and systematic long term study on chemicals risk assessment and microorganisms risk assessment. As for engineering measures,it is important to build a multiple-barrier system containing source control,reclaimed water treatment,environmental buffer and drinking water treatment to guarantee the water safety. Among the multiple barriers,reclaimed water treatment is the core unit,and reverse osmosis/advanced oxidation and ozonation/biological activated carbon are feasible treatment processes for potable reuse. Furthermore,a deep and long term study on emerging pollutants control,environmental storage and potable reuse mode is needed in the future.

关 键 词：再生水饮用回用 再生水补充水源 危害分析关键控制点(HACCP) 多重屏障系统 再生水处理工艺 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]