不同钝化剂对Cd污染农田土壤生态安全的影响  

Assessing the Ecological Security of the Cadmium Contaminated Farmland Treated with Different Amendments

作　　者：韩雷 陈娟[2] 杜平[2] 秦晓鹏[2] 任杰[2,3] 吴明红[1] 徐刚[1] HAN Lei;CHEN Juan;DU Ping;QIN Xiaopeng;REN Jie;WU Minghong;XU Gang(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Water Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海200444 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2018年第7期1289-1295,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划-重大专项计划(No.桂科重1598014-4);环境保护部工作类项目"农用地土壤修复技术(钝化)及监管体系研究";国家自然科学基金项目(No.41501350)~~

摘　　要：为研究Cd污染土壤的钝化修复技术,同时探讨不同钝化剂对土壤生态安全性的影响,选取钙镁磷肥、石灰、牛粪和赤泥4种常用的钝化材料,开展Cd污染农田土壤的钝化修复试验.通过浸出试验评估其钝化修复效果,并从农田土壤功能角度出发,探讨不同钝化材料对土壤w(有机质)、w(碱解氮)、w(有效磷)、w(速效钾)和土壤脲酶等指标的影响.结果表明,采用钝化剂处理污染土壤后,Cd的浸出浓度明显下降,钙镁磷肥、石灰、牛粪和赤泥对Cd的钝化率达85.0%以上,钙镁磷肥和石灰在为期1 a的养护时间中持续保持较好的钝化效果.不同钝化处理后,土壤p H均有所增加,增幅在2.36~7.51之间,其中石灰的影响最大.与钝化处理前相比,添加牛粪后土壤w(有机质)增加了71.0%,添加其他钝化剂后w(有机质)无明显变化,另外,添加牛粪后,w(碱解氮)、w(有效磷)、w(速效钾)等肥力指标和土壤脲酶活性均显著增加.因此,有机材料能显著提升土壤养分指标等级,而无机材料对土壤养分等级影响不大.研究显示,钙镁磷肥、牛粪和赤泥既能达到较好的修复效果,也在一定程度上维持和提升了土壤的种植功能,满足了农田土壤生态安全的要求,在农田土壤修复领域具有较好的应用前景.In order to assess the ecological security of the cadmium（ Cd） contaminated soils during the soil remediation processes,four kinds of amendments including calcium magnesium phosphate,lime,cattle manure,and red mud were added to immobilize Cd in soils using leaching tests. The organic matter（ OM）,alkali solution nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and urease activities in soils were analyzed,and the ecological security of the four amendments in soil environment was also analyzed. Results showed that the leaching concentration of Cd in soils decreased significantly after treatments,and the leaching rate were higher than 85. 0%. Calcium magnesium phosphate and lime showed very high remediation efficiencies in a year. The p H values of soils after treatments increased in different degrees（ 2. 36-7. 51 units）,and lime had a greater effect on soil p H. There was no significant effect on the organic matter content in soils between amendments except for cattle manure,which increased by 71. 0%. Additionally,in the presence of cattle manure,the contents of alkali solution nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and urease activity in soils increased significantly.Consequently,the addition of the organic amendment could greatly improve the level of nutrient indexes,and the inorganic amendments had no significant influence on it. Calcium magnesium phosphate,cattle manure,and red mud could not only achieve better remediation efficiencies,but could also improve the cultivation function of the farmland soil. As a result,the three amendments would be applied successfully in the remediation of farmland soils.

关 键 词：CD 农田 土壤 修复 肥力 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]