稻草切碎全量还田抛秧栽培双季稻立苗和生长的影响因素  

Influencing factors of seedling standing and growth of scattered planting in double cropping rice with total straw chopped incorporation

作　　者：王苏影[1,2] 吴建富 潘晓华[1] 黄山[1] 曾勇军[1] 谭雪明[1] 石庆华[1] Wang Suying;Wu Jianfu;Pan Xiaohua;Huang Shan;Zeng Yongjun;Tan Xueming;Shi Qinghua(Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Nanchang 330045,China;Grain and Oil Crops Research Institute of Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330048,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,南昌330045 [2]南昌市农业科学院粮油作物研究所,南昌330038

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第11期49-57,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0301601-01);江西省科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BNA03800);江西省科技支撑计划项目(20121BBF60006)

摘　　要：为实现机械化稻草切碎全量还田条件下抛栽水稻的快速立苗,在大田条件下研究了稻草还田(设稻草全量还田和稻草不还田)以及在稻草全量还田条件下秧龄(早稻设25、30 d,晚稻设20、25、30 d)、抛栽方式(设点抛和人工撒抛)、耕作方式(设机械深耕和机械旋耕)对早、晚稻抛栽立苗及水稻生长的影响。结果表明,相同条件下,稻草全量还田不利于晚稻立苗及根系生长,但对早稻影响较小;晚稻稻草全量还田的秧苗立苗时间比稻草不还田至少延长2 d;抛栽2 d后单株根质量大于稻草不还田;抛栽4 d后稻草全量还田处理水稻叶面积、黄叶比低于稻草不还田处理。相同耕作与抛栽方式下,秧龄越短水稻立苗和根系生长越快,早稻30 d秧龄秧苗立苗时间比25 d至少长2 d;晚稻30 d秧苗立苗时间比20 d秧苗至少长3 d,比25 d秧苗至少长1 d。相同耕作方式及秧龄条件下,早、晚稻点抛后的立苗角度、立苗比例均大于撒抛,且早稻点抛立苗时间比撒抛至少缩短2 d,晚稻至少缩短1 d。相同抛栽方式及秧龄条件下,晚稻深耕立苗时间比旋耕短、根系数量比旋耕多;早、晚稻深耕秧苗的叶面积指数大于旋耕。生产上,在稻草全量还田时,早稻秧龄宜为25 d,晚稻秧龄宜为20～25 d,采用点抛及深耕的方式有利于抛栽稻立苗及生长。Crop straw incorporation played an important role in soil improvement, fertilize the soil fertility, increase crop yield and quality and develop green agriculture. The research on the influencing factors of seedlings standing under the conditions of total straw chopped incorporation with mechanized harvesting can provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for popularizing double-season rice throwing-seedling cultivation technique and realizing the reduction of rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in Guangfu Village, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2013 which located in the double-cropping rice production area. Based on the field experiments, the effects of total straw incorporation as well as seedling age, tillage and cultivation methods on seedling standing and growing with total straw incorporation in double-season broadcasted rice were studied. The specific design of the tests was as follows： 1） total straw incorporation test： total straw incorporation treatment and no straw incorporation treatment were set, the seedling age of both treatments was 25 days, the throwing method was point throw, and the tillage method was mechanical rotary tilling. 2） Seedling age test： Seedling age of early rice was set to 25 d and 30 d, while the late rice was set to 20 d, 25 d and 30 d. The throwing method of both treatments was point throwing, and the tillage method was mechanical rotary tilling. 3） Scattered Planting methods test： Point throwing and strew throwing were set. The seedling age of both treatments was 25 days, and the tillage method was mechanical rotary tilling. 4） Tillage methods test： Mechanical rotary tillage and mechanical deep tillage were set. The seedling age of both treatments was 25 days, the throwing method was point throwing. The results showed that, under the same conditions, total straw incorporation had little effect on seedling standing and root growth of early rice, which go against to the late rice. Seedling standing of late rice with total stra

关 键 词：机械化 栽培 作物 稻草全量还田 双季稻 抛秧 立苗 生长 

分 类 号：S31[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]