西南稻区机直播高产杂交籼稻养分吸收利用特征  

Nutrient Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of High Yielding Indica Hybrid Rice under Mechanical Direct-Seeding in Southwest Rice Zone

作　　者：孙园园[1] 陈琳 孙永健[3] 彭国照[1] 蒋明金[3] 郭长春[3] 孙知白 SUN Yuan-yuan;CHEN Lin;SUN Yong-jian;PENG Guo-zhao;JIANG Ming-jin;GUO Chang-chun;SUN Zhi-bai(Institute of Plateau Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Sichuan Chengdu 610072,China;Wenjiang Weather Bureau Sichuan Wenjiang 611130,China;Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University,Sichuan Wenjiang 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,四川成都610072 [2]温江区气象局,四川温江611130 [3]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第6期1155-1162,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300506);四川省学术和技术带头人培养支持经费;四川省教育厅重点项目(16ZA0044);四川省育种攻关专项(2016NYZ0051)

摘　　要：【目的】本文探索了机直播模式下丰产优质杂交籼稻养分利用及产量特征。【方法】以15个杂交籼稻品种为材料,研究施氮下机直播对杂交籼稻结实期氮磷钾吸收、转运、利用及产量的影响,并探讨各养分转运量和贡献率与产量及氮肥利用率间的关系。【结果】依据稻谷产量聚类分析的结果表明,机直播下,施氮处理与高产、中产、低产3类型品种对结实期各营养器官氮磷钾的累积、转运及最终产量均存在显著的影响,且各产量类型下叶片及茎鞘氮磷钾养分间转运存在显著的协同效应,对促进各养分向籽粒的转运和提高产量有显著影响;但磷素的转运和贡献率与氮、钾素间的协同性显著降低,对提高氮肥利用率作用不显著。机直播不同产量类型杂交籼稻,施氮处理在产量及结实期养分吸收、转运各指标整体上均显著高于不施氮处理,且F优498、德香4103和川江优527在高产类型品种中,也具有较高的氮肥利用率,为本试验筛选出最适机直播的高产氮高效品种。与中产、低产类型品种相比,机直播高产品种均能不同程度的提高结实期养分累积,促进叶、茎鞘中养分转运,尤其能显著提高叶片氮、钾转运量,以及茎鞘钾转运量,进而显著提高钾转运贡献率,提升籽粒中氮、钾所占稻株各养分累积总量比例的主要特征,发挥出氮钾协同转运与利用的耦合效应;同时,在保证一定数量有效穗的前提下,具备较高的每穗粒数和结实率,是机直播杂交籼稻高产品种另一重要特征。相关分析表明,结实期叶、茎鞘氮、钾转运量以及钾转运贡献率与氮肥利用率均呈极显著正相关,保证结实期钾素转运量及贡献率对协同提高机直播杂交籼稻产量及氮肥利用率的作用显著。【结论】与机直播中产、低产类型杂交籼稻品种相比,高产类型品种能显著提高叶片氮、钾转运量,以及茎鞘钾转运量,进�[ Objective ] The present paper aimed to explore the nutrient utilization and yield characteristics of mechanical direct-sowing indica hybrid rice. [ Method] Taken fifteen difl）rent indica hybrid riee cultivats as lested materials, the eft）cts of mechanical direct-sowing under dirt）rent N fertilizers levels on the absorption, translocation and utilization of N, phosphorus （ P）, potassimn （K） and yield of indica hybrid riee during filling stage were studied, meanwhile the correlations of nutrient utilization characteristics with grain yield and N utilization effi- ciency （NUE） were explored. [ Result] According to cluster analysis of yield, under mechanical direct-sowing, N fertilization treatment and three yield classification types had an obviously significant efl）ct on the accunmlation and translocation of N, P, K during filling stages and grain yield. There exisled significantly positive correlations between the amounts of N, P and K translocation in leaves and slem-sheath under dirt）rent yield types, which could promole nutrient translocation during filling stage and increase grain yield;However, the correlation coeffi-cient of P and N, P and K significantly decreased in translocation conversion rate of P from heading to maturity stage, which could not significantly improve NUE. Under me- chanical direct-sowing in different yield classification types, the various indicators on yield and nutrient utilization characteris- tics of N fertilization treatment were significantly higher than those of no N treatment. F you 498, Dexiang4103 and Chuan-jiangyou 527 were high-yielding and high NUE indica hybrid rice cultivars, being the best cultivars in this paper referred as the mechanical direct-sowing condition. Compared with medium and low yield types,mechanical direct-seeding high-yielding cultivars promoted the accumu- lations of N, P and K at the heading and maturity stage, increased nutrient translocation in leaf and stem-sheath during filling stage, espe- cially significantly enhanced the t

关 键 词：机直播 杂交籼稻 产量 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]