菊芋有性繁殖特性与人工杂交育种研究  

Characteristics of Sexual Reproduction and Possibility of Artificial Hybridization of Helianthus tuberosus L.

作　　者：吕世奇 寇一翾 曾军 杨彬 赵长明 LV Shi-qi;KOU Yi-xuan;ZENG Jun;YANG Bin;ZHAO Chang-nfing(State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems,School of Life Science,Lanzhou University,Gansu Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第6期1272-1278,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD15803);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(1zujbky-2015-k14)

摘　　要：【目的】菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus L.)作为极具开发潜力的能源植物,培育高产优质品种(系)是限制菊芋生物产业发展的关键环节,而全面了解不同菊芋种质材料有性繁殖特性和人工杂交的可能性对菊芋育种研究具有重要意义。【方法】本文通过开放授粉、套袋自交、单性结实、人工杂交等方法,系统研究56份菊芋种质材料的繁殖特性。【结果】(1)菊芋开放授粉结实率较低(<25.28%);(2)虽有部分材料可以获得少量的自交种子,但菊芋倾向于自交不亲和;(3)菊芋不存在单性生殖现象;(4)紫色块茎和棕色块茎种质材料开放结实率较高,而白色块茎和红色块茎种质材料结实率较低,进一步分析得出杂交结实率主要与母本、父母本互作相关。此外,筛选出具有高结实率的母本种质材料9份,分别为LZJ039,LZJ010,LZJ037,LZJ032,LZJ029,LZJ033,LZJ026,LZJ031和LZJ056。【结论】为菊芋育种研究提供新的理论依据,加快菊芋种质资源创新和新品种培育进程。[Objective] Helianthus tuberosus L. is an energy crop with profound developing potential, and the varieties with characters of high yield and quality are one of the important linfited factors for its development of biological industry. Tberefore, it is important to research the characteristics of sexual reproduction and the possibility of artificial hybridization for various germplasms. [ Method ] This work made a comprehensive study of the characteristic of sexual reproduction for 56 germplasms with different breeding methods （ nature-crossing, self- crossing, parthenocarpy, artificial hybridization）. [ Result] （i） The average achene set of nature-crossing was less than 25 % ; （ii）A few self-pollinated seeds were obtainable, but the effect of self-incompatibility was more obvious ; （iii） Parthenoearpy was not detected in this study; （iv） The germplasms with purple and brown tuber had a higher hybrid seed set, but those with white and red tuber were lower; Fe- male parents and the interaction of female and male parents showed significant effects on hybrid achene sets. Moreover, 9 female parents with higher hybrid achene sets： LZJ039, LZJll0, ZLZJ037, LZJ032, LZJ029, LZJ033, LZJ026, LZJ031 and LZJ056 had been sieved out. [ Conclusion] This result would provide a new theoretical basis for the research on the breeding and accelerate the innovation of germplasm re- sources and the breeding process of Jerusalem artichoke.

关 键 词：菊芋 繁殖特性 人工杂交 结实率 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]