油藏微生物的代谢特征与提高原油采收率技术  

Metabolism Characteristics of Microorganisms in Oil Reservoir and Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

作　　者：马挺[1] 陈瑜 MA Ting, CHEN Yu(Key Lab of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院分子微生物与技术教育部重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2018年第3期1-8,共8页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41773080);天津市应用基础研究面上项目(16JCYBJC23700)

摘　　要：油藏是一个高温、高压、少氧、寡营养和封闭的极端环境,油田经过多年注水开发后,在油藏内部形成了相对稳定的微生物群落体系,这些微生物以石油烃分解为起始,形成了一个复杂的食物链,对油藏碳、硫和金属离子的元素地球化学循环起着非常重要的作用。微生物提高原油采收率技术(MEOR)是利用微生物及其代谢产物与油藏和原油发生作用来提高原油采收率的一种新技术,具有成本低、适应性强和环境友好等特点,因此有望成为未来化学驱后油藏和高含水油藏进一步提高采收率的重要手段。对油藏内源微生物及其介导的生化反应,微生物采油原理、发展历程和现场试验进行综述,并提出了未来的发展方向。The original oil reservoir is a closed extreme environment with characters of high-temperature,high-pressure,low-oxygen and oligotrophic. Followed by a long-term water flooding process,a relatively stable microbial community system is formed within the oil reservoir. Starting with the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation,these microorganisms develop a complex food chain,which plays an extremely important role in the elemental geochemical cycle of carbon,sulfur and metal ions under oil reservoir environment. Microorganism Enhanced Oil Recovery（ MEOR） is a new technology that uses the interaction of microorganisms and their metabolites with crude oil and oil reservoirs,and ultimately increasing the oil recovery rate. Due to the properties of low cost,high adaptability and environmental friendliness,MEOR is expected to be a potential method for further enhanced oil recovery in the oil reservoirs post chemical flooding or with high water containing. This article reviews the endogenous microorganisms and the biochemical reactions they mediated,the principles,development history and field tests of microbial oil recovery,and proposes the future development directions of MEOR.

关 键 词：油藏微生物 生态 调控 微生物提高石油采收率 

分 类 号：Q939.97[生物学—微生物学]