大气中多尺度相互作用的研究进展  

Research progress on atmospheric multiscale interaction

作　　者：沈新勇[1] 沙莎[1,2] 刘靓珂 李小凡 SHEN Xinyong;SHA Sha;LIU Liangke;LI Xiaofan(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology;Shanghai Marine Meteorological Cente;School of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]上海海洋气象台,上海201306 [3]浙江大学地球科学学院,杭州310027

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2018年第3期197-203,共7页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0203301);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB453201);国家自然科学基金(41530427;41475039)

摘　　要：大气运动的形式多种多样,大气中存在多种尺度的天气系统,大气中多尺度相互作用成为近几十年来关注的热点问题。该文对大气多尺度作用的研究进行了总结和回顾。目前,多尺度相互作用的研究主要集中在E-P通量、波包理论和大气能量学等方面,大致包含均匀基本气流和非均匀基本气流下的相互作用;正压大气和斜压大气条件下的相互作用;绝热和非绝热条件下的相互作用;正压大气和斜压大气有无地形效应条件下波包与基本气流的相互作用;波流相互作用中中尺度扰动波包的发展;多种尺度动能和有效位能之间的能量转换等。上述理论很好地解释了一些天气现象,比如平流层爆发性增温现象、北半球阻塞形式的形成和维持原因、寒潮爆发过程和西太平洋副热带高压变动以及与中国降水的相关性等。多尺度系统之间的相互作用在台风和梅雨锋暴雨过程中尤为重要,不同尺度系统相互影响以及不同尺度系统之间的能量转换对台风和梅雨锋暴雨的发生、发展以及消亡过程有重要的影响。The movement of the atmosphere displays a multitude of patterns. There are multiscale weather systems in the atmosphere. The multiscale interaction in the atmosphere has become a hot topic for decades.This paper reviewed the research progress on atmospheric multiscale interaction. At present, the research of atmospheric interaction is mainly in E-P flux, wave packet theory and atmospheric energetics.These results generally include the interaction under uniform basic flow and non-uniform flow, under barotropic and baroclinic atmosphere,under adiabatic and non adiabatic conditions; the interaction of wave packet and basic flow with or without terrain effect under barotropic and baroclinic atmosphere; the development of mesoscale disturbance wave packets; multiscale energy conversion between kinetic energy and effective potential energy during the interaction. Moreover, it can well explain some weather phenomena, such as the stratospheric sudden warming phenomenon, the formation and maintenance of the northern hemisphere＇s blocking form, the outbreak of cold wave, the change of the Western Pacific subtropical high and the correlation with the precipitation in China, etc. The interaction between multi-scale systems is especially important in the process of typhoon and Meiyu front rainstorm. The interaction of different scale systems and the energy transfer among different scale systems have great influence on the occurrence and development and dissipation of typhoon and Meiyu front rainstorm.

关 键 词：多尺度相互作用 E-P通量 波包理论 大气能量学 

分 类 号：P43[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]